Department of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 30;15(10):e0241301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241301. eCollection 2020.
Evidence suggests evening-type individuals have a higher risk of reporting psychological distress than morning-type individuals. However, less is known regarding the underlying processes that might mediate or moderate this association among Chinese rural population. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress, investigate whether sleep quality would mediate the association between chronotype and psychological distress and explore whether age would moderate the direct or indirect effect of the mediation model.
The cross-sectional study utilized a sample of 884 rural residents from rural regions in Anqing City, Anhui Province, China. Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to measure chronotype, sleep quality and psychological distress, respectively. MacKinnon's four-step procedure was employed to examine the mediation effect, while Hayes PROCESS macro (model 59) was used to perform the moderated mediation analysis.
The prevalence of psychological distress among Chinese rural population was 33.4%. The association between chronotype and psychological distress was partially mediated by sleep quality (indirect effect = - 0.05, 95% CI = [-0.08, -0.03]). In addition, age moderated the first stage (sleep quality-psychological distress) of the indirect effect, with the indirect effect being attenuated for older rural residents. As suggested by Johnson-Neyman technique, the association between sleep quality and psychological distress was only significant when the age of the participant was lower than 48.59.
The incidence of psychological distress among Chinese rural residents cannot be neglected. Interventions for the enhancement of sleep quality to prevent and reduce psychological distress should be prioritized to rural residents who are prone to eveningness, especially those who are younger.
有证据表明，与晨型人相比，晚型人报告心理困扰的风险更高。然而，对于可能在中国人群中调节或缓和这种关联的潜在过程知之甚少。本研究旨在评估心理困扰的流行率，调查睡眠质量是否会调节昼夜型与心理困扰之间的关系，并探讨年龄是否会调节中介模型的直接或间接效应。
本横断面研究使用了来自中国安徽省安庆市农村地区的 884 名农村居民样本。采用 Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire（MEQ）、Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）和 21 项抑郁焦虑压力量表（DASS-21）分别测量昼夜型、睡眠质量和心理困扰。采用 MacKinnon 的四步程序检验中介效应，采用 Hayes PROCESS 宏（模型 59）进行调节中介分析。
中国农村人口的心理困扰患病率为 33.4%。昼夜型与心理困扰之间的关联部分通过睡眠质量中介（间接效应=-0.05，95%置信区间=-0.08，-0.03）。此外，年龄调节了间接效应的第一阶段（睡眠质量-心理困扰），对于年龄较大的农村居民，间接效应减弱。正如 Johnson-Neyman 技术所建议的，只有当参与者的年龄低于 48.59 岁时，睡眠质量和心理困扰之间的关联才具有统计学意义。
不能忽视中国农村居民心理困扰的发生率。应优先考虑针对易患晚型的农村居民，特别是年龄较小的农村居民，加强睡眠质量以预防和减少心理困扰的干预措施。
Zotero 插件