Fenner Kate, Matlock Sarah, Williams Jane, Wilson Bethany, McLean Andrew, Serpell James, McGreevy Paul
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Equine Sciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Oct 28;10(11):1982. doi: 10.3390/ani10111982.
The Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) was developed to obtain quantitative data on the domestic equine triad: training, management and behaviour. It can be taken repeatedly, thus collecting longitudinal data to enable evaluation of how changes in a horse's training and management are reflected in that horse's behaviour over time and how these changes can impact horse welfare in the longer term. Questionnaire validation and reliability were tested by determining (a) whether an owner's subjective ratings of their horse's problematic behaviours or undesirable temperament traits were reflected in the questionnaire scores obtained for that horse (construct validity), (b) whether two respondents, equally familiar with a particular horse, reported comparable scores for that horse through the questionnaire (inter-rater reliability), and (c) whether the same respondent, scoring the same horse after a known interval of time, recorded similar responses (intra-rater reliability). Construct validity testing of 1923 responses showed significant alignment between owners' reported experience of focal horses' behaviour and those horses' E-BARQ scores, with scores varying from 1.13 to 1.34 for ridden horse behaviour (all < 0.001) and from 1.06 to 1.43 for non-ridden horse behaviour (all < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability testing of ten horse-rider pairs revealed that 203 of the 215 question items were significantly aligned ( < 0.001) when tested by two independent raters. Of the remaining 19 items, four had fair alignment (ĸ = 0.174-0.316; = 0.281) and ten items, largely related to whether the horse shows behavioural signs related to anxiety when taken away from home, did not align (ĸ = 0; = 1). Intra-rater reliability tests showed that the responses significantly aligned on all 215 question items tested ( < 0.001). The results of these tests confirmed the construct validity and reliability of E-BARQ as a standardised behavioural assessment tool for horses.
马行为评估与研究问卷（E-BARQ）旨在获取关于家养马的训练、管理和行为这三个方面的定量数据。该问卷可以反复填写，从而收集纵向数据，以便评估马的训练和管理变化如何随时间反映在其行为上，以及这些变化如何在长期内影响马的福利。通过确定以下几点来测试问卷的有效性和可靠性：（a）主人对其马匹问题行为或不良性情特征的主观评分是否反映在该马匹的问卷得分中（结构效度）；（b）两名同样熟悉某匹马的受访者通过问卷对该匹马给出的分数是否具有可比性（评分者间信度）；（c）同一受访者在已知的时间间隔后对同一匹马进行评分时，记录的回答是否相似（评分者内信度）。对1923份回答进行的结构效度测试表明，主人报告的重点马匹行为经历与这些马匹的E-BARQ得分之间存在显著一致性，骑乘马行为的得分在1.13至1.34之间（均<0.001），非骑乘马行为的得分在1.06至1.43之间（均<0.001）。对十对骑手与马的评分者间信度测试表明，215个问题项中的203项在由两名独立评分者进行测试时具有显著一致性（<0.001）。在其余的19项中，有4项具有中等一致性（ĸ = 0.174 - 0.316；p = 0.281），10项（主要涉及马匹离家时是否表现出与焦虑相关的行为迹象）没有一致性（ĸ = 0；p = 1）。评分者内信度测试表明，在所有测试的215个问题项上，回答都具有显著一致性（<0.001）。这些测试结果证实了E-BARQ作为一种标准化的马匹行为评估工具的结构效度和可靠性。
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