Li Vigni Mario, Durante Caterina, Michelini Sara, Nocetti Marco, Cocchi Marina
Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Consorzio Parmigiano Reggiano, Via Kennedy 18, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Foods. 2020 Oct 28;9(11):1563. doi: 10.3390/foods9111563.
Raman spectroscopy, and handheld spectrometers in particular, are gaining increasing attention in food quality control as a fast, portable, non-destructive technique. Furthermore, this technology also allows for measuring the intact sample through the packaging and, with respect to near infrared spectroscopy, it is not affected by the water content of the samples. In this work, we evaluate the potential of the methodology to model, by multivariate data analysis, the authenticity of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, which is one of the most well-known and appreciated hard cheeses worldwide, with protected denomination of origin (PDO). On the other hand, it is also highly subject to counterfeiting. In particular, it is critical to assess the authenticity of grated cheese, to which, under strictly specified conditions, the PDO is extended. To this aim, it would be highly valuable to develop an authenticity model based on a fast, non-destructive technique. In this work, we present preliminary results obtained by a handheld Raman spectrometer and class-modeling (Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy, SIMCA), which are extremely promising, showing sensitivity and specificity of 100% for the test set. Moreover, another salient issue, namely the percentage of rind in grated cheese, was addressed by developing a multivariate calibration model based on Raman spectra. It was possible to obtain a prediction error around 5%, with 18% being the maximum content allowed by the production protocol.
拉曼光谱法，尤其是手持式光谱仪，作为一种快速、便携、无损的技术，在食品质量控制中越来越受到关注。此外，该技术还能够透过包装对完整的样品进行测量，并且与近红外光谱法不同，它不受样品含水量的影响。在这项工作中，我们评估了通过多变量数据分析对帕尔马干酪（Parmigiano Reggiano）进行真伪建模的方法的潜力，帕尔马干酪是全球最知名且备受赞赏的硬质奶酪之一，具有原产地保护（PDO）。另一方面，它也极易遭受假冒。特别是，评估磨碎奶酪的真伪至关重要，在严格规定的条件下，磨碎奶酪也受PDO保护。为此，基于快速、无损技术开发一个真伪模型将具有极高的价值。在这项工作中，我们展示了通过手持式拉曼光谱仪和类建模（类类比软独立建模，SIMCA）获得的初步结果，这些结果极具前景，测试集的灵敏度和特异性均达到100%。此外，通过基于拉曼光谱开发多变量校准模型，解决了另一个突出问题，即磨碎奶酪中外皮的百分比。预测误差可控制在5%左右，而生产规程允许的最大含量为18%。
