Arch Suicide Res. 2022 Apr-Jun;26(2):447-464. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1833796. Epub 2020 Oct 30.
Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to be effective in treating several psychological difficulties, to date, no review has systematically examined their effectiveness in treating or preventing suicide. The goals of the present study were to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of MBIs in treating suicide and (2) understand how individual characteristics and characteristics of MBIs influence treatment outcomes through a systematic meta-analysis. A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses was conducted in February 2019. A total of 12 publications (13 studies, = 627) were included. MBIs demonstrated significant moderate effects on suicidal ideation in pre-post studies and small effects in controlled studies. In addition, MBIs demonstrated significant moderate effects in both samples of individuals with histories of depression and histories of suicidal ideation or attempts. Moreover, MBIs led to clinically significant reductions in suicidal ideation and depression. Female participants, older samples, and longer treatments showed greater treatment effects, although these relationships were weak. Results suggest that MBIs may be promising treatments for suicidal ideation; however, more research is needed to establish the effects of these treatments as well as the mechanisms through which MBIs reduce suicide.
虽然基于正念的干预措施 (MBIs) 已被证明在治疗多种心理困难方面有效，但迄今为止，尚无研究系统地检查过它们在治疗或预防自杀方面的有效性。本研究的目的是：(1) 评估 MBIs 在治疗自杀方面的有效性，(2) 通过系统的荟萃分析了解个体特征和 MBIs 特征如何影响治疗结果。2019 年 2 月，对 PubMed、MEDLINE、PsychINFO 和 ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 进行了检索。共纳入 12 篇文献（13 项研究， = 627）。MBIs 在前后研究中对自杀意念有显著的中等效果，在对照研究中有较小的效果。此外，MBIs 在有抑郁史和有自杀意念或尝试史的个体样本中均显示出显著的中等效果。此外，MBIs 导致自杀意念和抑郁的临床显著减少。女性参与者、年龄较大的样本和较长的治疗时间显示出更大的治疗效果，尽管这些关系较弱。研究结果表明，MBIs 可能是治疗自杀意念的有前途的方法；然而，需要更多的研究来确定这些治疗方法的效果以及 MBIs 降低自杀的机制。
