von Wartburg J P
Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Bern, Switzerland.
Mutat Res. 1987 Nov;186(3):249-59. doi: 10.1016/0165-1110(87)90007-8.
Different types of alcohol dehydrogenase and of aldehyde dehydrogenase lead to different blood acetaldehyde levels. With respect to acetaldehyde levels in human blood 3 types can be distinguished: (1) the normal range, (2) the acute aldehyde syndrome, and (3) the chronic aldehydism. Acetaldehyde is electrophilic and reacts with nucleophilic groups of various macromolecules including DNA. Acetyldehyde inhibits synthetic and metabolic pathways, it interferes with the polymerization of tubulin and stimulates collagen synthesis. By depletion of cellular glutathione levels, acetaldehyde leads to lipid peroxidation and to the formation of malonaldehyde. There are indications that acetaldehyde may play a role in positively reinforcing mood changes induced by alcohol in humans.
不同类型的乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶会导致不同的血液乙醛水平。就人体血液中的乙醛水平而言，可以区分出三种类型：（1）正常范围，（2）急性乙醛综合征，以及（3）慢性乙醛中毒。乙醛具有亲电性，会与包括DNA在内的各种大分子的亲核基团发生反应。乙醛会抑制合成和代谢途径，干扰微管蛋白的聚合，并刺激胶原蛋白的合成。通过消耗细胞内谷胱甘肽水平，乙醛会导致脂质过氧化并形成丙二醛。有迹象表明，乙醛可能在正向强化酒精对人类情绪变化的影响中发挥作用。
