Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808572, Japan.
Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan; Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138549, Japan.
Environ Res. 2021 May;196:110372. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110372. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Although the health risks and benefits of coastal areas have long been researched, these effects of the different types of coastlines have rarely been explored on the evacuees living near the coast, in a post-disaster context. Thus, this study aimed to explore, with the passing of years after a disaster, what kind of coastline is a useful public health resource as a post-disaster reconstruction approach in coastal environments that have suffered significantly from the tsunami disaster in northeast Japan in 2011. This study compared the evacuees' mental health based on proximity to the coast and the types of coastlines (artificial, semi-natural, and natural). Data were drawn from the Miyagi Prefectural Government surveys, which targeted almost all evacuees of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquakes and Tsunami (n = 96,203). We applied a pooled Poisson regression model to a repeated cross-sectional dataset of evacuees' mental health between 2012 and 2016. Moderate psychological distress, measured via the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) score, was the dependent variable, while proximity to the coast and type of coastline were the independent variables. The estimated main effects of type of coastline indicated that overall associations between K6 ≥5 and all types of coastlines within a 1.6 km buffer of participants' residential space were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, among types of coastlines, the interaction terms of semi-natural coastline × year (2015 and 2016) were significantly associated with lower incidence rate ratios (IRR), which decreased in 2015 and 2016 (IRR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.79-0.98; IRR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.68-0.90, respectively). Further, we computed the marginal effects of coastline types for each year to observe differences in the impact on moderate psychological distress depending on different accessible coastline types within a distance of 1.6 km from the participants' living space. We found that, after the revision of the coastal act in 2014, the moderate mental stress of participants who lived around semi-natural coastlines significantly tended to be low (dy/dx: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.08-0.01 in 2015; dy/dx: -0.07, 95%CI: -0.11-0.04 in 2016). This finding can encourage policymakers to manage coastal areas with green infrastructure in the post-disaster reconstruction sustainably.
尽管沿海地区的健康风险和益处早已被研究，但在灾难后环境中，居住在沿海地区的灾民中，很少有研究探讨不同类型的海岸线的这些影响。因此，本研究旨在探讨，在经历了 2011 年日本东北部海啸灾难之后的多年后，哪种类型的海岸线是沿海环境灾后重建的有益公共健康资源。本研究比较了灾民的心理健康状况，根据与海岸的接近程度和海岸线的类型（人工、半自然和自然）。数据来自宫城县政府的调查，该调查针对的是 2011 年东日本大地震和海啸的几乎所有灾民（n=96203）。我们应用了一个基于 2012 年至 2016 年灾民心理健康的重复横断面数据集的泊松回归模型。中度心理困扰，通过 Kessler 心理困扰量表（K6）评分来衡量，是因变量，而接近海岸和海岸线类型是自变量。海岸线类型的估计主要效应表明，参与者居住空间 1.6 公里缓冲区范围内，K6≥5 与所有类型的海岸线之间的总体关联没有统计学意义（p>0.05）。然而，在海岸线类型中，半自然海岸线×年份（2015 年和 2016 年）的交互项与较低的发病率比（IRR）显著相关，2015 年和 2016 年的发病率比分别降低（IRR：0.88，95%CI：0.79-0.98；IRR：0.78，95%CI：0.68-0.90）。此外，我们计算了每年海岸线类型的边缘效应，以观察参与者生活空间 1.6 公里范围内不同可访问的海岸线类型对中度心理困扰的影响差异。我们发现，2014 年海岸法修订后，居住在半自然海岸线上的参与者的中度精神压力明显较低（2015 年的 dy/dx：-0.04，95%CI：-0.08-0.01；2016 年的 dy/dx：-0.07，95%CI：-0.11-0.04）。这一发现可以鼓励政策制定者在灾后重建中可持续地利用绿色基础设施来管理沿海地区。
