Bravo Diego, Oriol Xavier, Gómez Marcos, Cortez Diego, Unanue Wenceslao
Business School, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 29;11:591498. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591498. eCollection 2020.
Following a neo-Durkheimian perspective, major sporting events such as the World Cup or the America's Cup differ from other collective rituals because they promote interest throughout the nation due to their massiveness and international character. In order to increase the scientific knowledge related to these type of rituals, the aim of this study was to observe the effects that the Chilean victory in the 2016 Copa América Centenario had on social variables such as trust, self-transcendent aspirations, and evaluated subjective well-being (SWB) of both fans and non-fans. In addition, two longitudinal structural equation models (SEMs) were performed to estimate the effect of identity with the national team before the final match on evaluated SWB, trust, and self-transcendent aspirations post-final. A total of 648 Chilean participants (mean age = 38.58; = 10.96) answered the questionnaire before the final match. Out of these, 409 completed our measures after the final. The results show that fans presented higher scores in many of the studied variables before and after the final compared to non-fans. Identification with the national team (before the final) prospectively and significantly predicted pride in the national team and pride in the country (after the final). In addition, these two forms of collective pride mediated the relationship between identification with the national team (before the final) and evaluated SWB (after the final). The results are discussed emphasizing the importance of these kinds of specific massive rituals and their effects.
从新涂尔干主义的视角来看，世界杯或美洲杯等重大体育赛事与其他集体仪式不同，因为它们规模宏大且具有国际性，能激发全国人民的兴趣。为了增加与这类仪式相关的科学知识，本研究的目的是观察2016年百年美洲杯智利队获胜对球迷和非球迷的社会变量，如信任、自我超越的抱负以及主观幸福感（SWB）评估的影响。此外，还进行了两个纵向结构方程模型（SEM），以估计决赛前对国家队的认同感对决赛后主观幸福感评估、信任和自我超越抱负的影响。共有648名智利参与者（平均年龄 = 38.58；标准差 = 10.96）在决赛前回答了问卷。其中，409人在决赛后完成了我们的测量。结果表明，与非球迷相比，球迷在决赛前后的许多研究变量中得分更高。对国家队的认同（决赛前）前瞻性地且显著地预测了对国家队的自豪感和对国家的自豪感（决赛后）。此外，这两种集体自豪感介导了对国家队的认同（决赛前）与主观幸福感评估（决赛后）之间的关系。讨论了这些结果，强调了这类特定的大规模仪式及其影响的重要性。
