Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Oct 19;2020:6381380. doi: 10.1155/2020/6381380. eCollection 2020.
Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.
如今，代谢性疾病（如肥胖症和糖尿病及其相关并发症，包括内皮功能障碍和心血管疾病）的患病率显著增加，这是全球主要死亡原因之一。膳食营养与健康的生活方式对于促进内皮健康起着至关重要的作用。越来越多的证据表明，食物中的活性天然化合物，包括多酚类和类胡萝卜素，作为动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病的辅助治疗以及通过减轻炎症和氧化应激的预防方法引起了特别关注。它们主要通过促进多种生物学机制（如改善内皮功能、血压、血小板活性和胰岛素敏感性）来作为自由基清除剂发挥作用，并调节各种已知的生物标志物。本综述强调了多酚类和类胡萝卜素在早期内皮功能障碍中的作用，并关注它们在调节经典和最近技术产生的新兴生物标志物方面的有益作用。这些生物标志物单独或联合使用，可以在心血管疾病的预测、诊断和演变中发挥重要作用。然而，主要的挑战是加速早期和及时的新干预措施，以预防或减缓疾病的进展，即使有足够的生物活性化合物摄入。因此，迫切需要新的、更经过验证的、适当的和可靠的诊断和治疗生物标志物，以便更早地诊断内皮功能障碍。
