Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Angiology. 2020 May;71(5):397-410. doi: 10.1177/0003319720903586. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction, and its evaluation would be of considerable importance to stratify CV risk of many diseases and to assess the efficacy of atheroprotective treatments. Flow-mediated dilation is the most widely used method to study endothelial function. However, it is operator-dependent and can be influenced by physiological variations. Circulating biomarkers are a promising alternative. Due to the complexity of endothelial function, many of the biomarkers studied do not provide consistent information about the endothelium when measured alone. New circulating markers are being explored and some of them are thought to be suitable for the clinical setting. In this review, we focus on novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, particularly endothelial microparticles, endocan, and endoglin, and discuss whether they fulfill the criteria to be applied in clinical practice.
内皮功能障碍是心血管（CV）功能障碍的最早指标之一，其评估对于分层许多疾病的 CV 风险以及评估抗动脉粥样硬化治疗的疗效具有重要意义。血流介导的扩张是研究内皮功能最广泛使用的方法。然而，它是依赖于操作者的，并且可以受到生理变化的影响。循环生物标志物是一种很有前途的替代方法。由于内皮功能的复杂性，许多单独测量时提供的关于内皮的信息并不一致。正在探索新的循环标志物，其中一些被认为适用于临床环境。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了内皮功能障碍的新型生物标志物，特别是内皮细胞微颗粒、内脂素和内皮糖蛋白，并讨论了它们是否符合应用于临床实践的标准。
