AlJunidel Rana, Alaqel Maram, AlQahtani Sara H, AlOgaiel Areeb M, ALJammaz Faisal, Alshammari Sulaiman
Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU.
Family and Community Medicine, Colleage of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2020 Oct 24;12(10):e11121. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11121.
Background Breast cancer (BC) is known to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths after lung cancer in Saudi Arabia. Early detection using screening methods can improve disease outcomes. In Saudi Arabia, the rates of BC screening are very low although it is a country that provides free healthcare services. This discrepancy between the availability of free healthcare services and women not utilizing these services necessitates an in-depth understanding of the health-related beliefs and barriers towards BC screening among Saudi women. Objective We aimed to use the Health Belief Model (HBM) to predict the uptake of mammographic screening among Saudi women. The secondary objective was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to BC and mammography screening. Research methodology This was an analytical cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of sociodemographic data, family history of BC, general information about BC, and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). The study was conducted among Saudi women visiting the King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh from September 2018 to February 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software version 26.00 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results A total of 401 females participated in the study; the median age of the subjects was 49 years [interquartile range (IQR): 43-53 years]. Among them, 69.6% were married and 21.1% had a family history of BC. There was a statistically significant association of younger age, marital status, and a positive family history of BC with women undergoing mammographic screening (p<0.05). Of the participants, 61.6% knew about the warning signs of BC, while only 59.9% were aware of the risk factors associated with it. The binary logistic regression did not show any significant association between CHBMS and mammogram screening. We concluded that the CHBMS components cannot be used in isolation to predict the risk of not undergoing mammogram screening. However, barriers and motivation components along with the knowledge and other factors can be used to predict mammogram screening. Conclusion Among our cohort of Saudi women, 62.1% had general awareness about BC, and younger age, marital status, and positive family history of BC were significantly associated with women undergoing mammography screening. The CHBMS components cannot be used in isolation to predict the risk of not undergoing mammogram screening, while barriers and motivation components along with the knowledge and other factors can be used to predict mammogram screening.
在沙特阿拉伯，乳腺癌（BC）是继肺癌之后癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。采用筛查方法进行早期检测可改善疾病预后。在沙特阿拉伯，尽管该国提供免费医疗服务，但乳腺癌筛查率却非常低。免费医疗服务的可及性与女性未利用这些服务之间的这种差异，使得有必要深入了解沙特女性与乳腺癌筛查相关的健康信念和障碍。
我们旨在运用健康信念模型（HBM）预测沙特女性接受乳房X线筛查的情况。次要目的是确定与乳腺癌及乳房X线摄影筛查相关的知识、态度和行为。
这是一项分析性横断面研究，采用自填式问卷，问卷包括社会人口统计学数据、乳腺癌家族史、乳腺癌的一般信息以及冠军健康信念模型量表（CHBMS）。该研究于2018年9月至2019年2月在利雅得访问哈立德国王大学医院的沙特女性中进行。使用SPSS Statistics软件26.00版（IBM，纽约州阿蒙克）对数据进行分析。
共有401名女性参与了该研究；研究对象的年龄中位数为49岁[四分位间距（IQR）：43 - 53岁]。其中，69.6%已婚，21.1%有乳腺癌家族史。年龄较小、婚姻状况以及乳腺癌家族史呈阳性与接受乳房X线筛查的女性之间存在统计学显著关联（p<0.05）。在参与者中，61.6%了解乳腺癌的警示信号，而只有59.9%知晓与之相关的风险因素。二元逻辑回归未显示CHBMS与乳房X线摄影筛查之间存在任何显著关联。我们得出结论，CHBMS的各个组成部分不能单独用于预测未接受乳房X线筛查的风险。然而，障碍和动机组成部分连同知识及其他因素可用于预测乳房X线摄影筛查。
在我们的沙特女性队列中，62.1%对乳腺癌有一般认识，年龄较小、婚姻状况以及乳腺癌家族史呈阳性与接受乳房X线筛查的女性显著相关。CHBMS的各个组成部分不能单独用于预测未接受乳房X线筛查的风险，而障碍和动机组成部分连同知识及其他因素可用于预测乳房X线摄影筛查。
