Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 20;19(20):13615. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013615.
Breast cancer (BC) screening is vital, as it is linked to a greater likelihood of survival, more effective treatment, and better quality of life. One of the most extensively applied models for conceptualizing probable barriers and facilitators to the adoption of desired health behavior is the health belief model (HBM). This study aimed to assess the impact of health perception and knowledge on breast self-examination intention (BSE) using HBM. HBM measures specific factors (perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers, benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy) that impact one's intention to use BSE. Data were collected from female undergraduate students ( = 680) using a cross-sectional design, stratified simple random sampling, and a self-administered structured online questionnaire. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate our assumptions for students who intended to self-examine for BC. For demographic factors, we modified the multivariate model. Most respondents (93%) were under the age of 24 years. Female students from health colleges (48.5%), in their fourth academic year (42.6%), and from the southern region (57.6%) accounted for the majority of the sample. Respondents with a family history of BC were 9.7% of the total. Categories for age, college, region, residency, and BSE intention showed significant differences in their average knowledge scores. The survey revealed that 72.4% were aware of abnormal breast changes. Three constructs of the health belief model (perceived benefit, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy) are good predictors of BSE intention. Theory-based behavioral change interventions are urgently required for students to improve their prevention practices. Furthermore, these interventions will be effective if they are designed to remove barriers to BSE intention, improve female students' self-efficacy, and enlighten them on the benefits of self-examination.
乳腺癌（BC）筛查至关重要，因为它与更高的生存率、更有效的治疗和更好的生活质量相关。健康信念模型（HBM）是用于概念化采用期望健康行为的可能障碍和促进因素的最广泛应用的模型之一。本研究旨在使用 HBM 评估健康感知和知识对乳房自我检查意向（BSE）的影响。HBM 衡量影响人们使用 BSE 意向的特定因素（感知易感性、严重程度、障碍、益处、行动提示和自我效能）。使用横断面设计、分层简单随机抽样和自我管理的结构化在线问卷从女性本科大学生（n=680）中收集数据。我们使用多变量逻辑回归来评估我们对有 BSE 意向的学生的假设。对于人口统计学因素，我们修改了多变量模型。大多数受访者（93%）年龄在 24 岁以下。来自健康学院（48.5%）、四年级（42.6%）和南部地区（57.6%）的女学生占样本的大多数。有乳腺癌家族史的受访者占总人数的 9.7%。年龄、学院、地区、居住地和 BSE 意向类别在其平均知识得分上显示出显著差异。调查显示，72.4%的人意识到乳房异常变化。健康信念模型的三个构念（感知益处、感知障碍和自我效能）是 BSE 意向的良好预测指标。迫切需要针对学生的基于理论的行为改变干预措施，以改善他们的预防实践。此外，如果这些干预措施旨在消除 BSE 意向的障碍、提高女学生的自我效能感并启发她们自我检查的益处，那么这些干预措施将是有效的。
