Weed Darin J, Damania Blossom
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2019;6(3):166-174. doi: 10.1007/s40588-019-00127-2. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Human gammaherpesviruses have complex lifecycles that drive their pathogenesis. KSHV and EBV are the etiological agents of multiple cancers worldwide. There is no FDA-approved vaccine for either KSHV or EBV. This review will describe recent progress in understanding EBV and KSHV lifecycles during infection.
Determining how latency is established, particularly how non-coding RNAs influence latent and lytic infection, is a rapidly growing area of investigation into how gammaherpesviruses successfully persist in the human population. Many factors have been identified as restrictors of reactivation from latency, especially innate immune antagonism. Finally, new host proteins that play a role in lytic replication have been identified.
In this review we discuss recent findings over the last 5 years on both host and viral factors that are involved in EBV and KSHV pathogenesis.
人类γ-疱疹病毒具有复杂的生命周期，这推动了它们的发病机制。卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是全球多种癌症的病原体。目前尚无美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的针对KSHV或EBV的疫苗。本综述将描述在理解感染期间EBV和KSHV生命周期方面的最新进展。
确定潜伏期如何建立，特别是非编码RNA如何影响潜伏和裂解感染，是关于γ-疱疹病毒如何在人类群体中成功持续存在的一个迅速发展的研究领域。许多因素已被确定为潜伏期再激活的限制因素，尤其是先天免疫拮抗作用。最后，已鉴定出在裂解复制中起作用的新宿主蛋白。
在本综述中，我们讨论了过去5年中关于参与EBV和KSHV发病机制的宿主和病毒因素的最新发现。
