Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital.
Cardiovasc Res. 2022 Jan 7;118(1):97-114. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa313.
Vasculopathy is a pathological process occurring in the blood vessel wall, which could affect the haemostasis and physiological functions of all the vital tissues/organs and is one of the main underlying causes for a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Current pharmacological interventions aiming to either delay or stop progression of vasculopathies are suboptimal, thus searching novel, targeted, risk-reducing therapeutic agents, or vascular grafts with full regenerative potential for patients with vascular abnormalities are urgently needed. Since first reported, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), particularly human-induced PSCs, have open new avenue in all research disciplines including cardiovascular regenerative medicine and disease remodelling. Assisting with recent technological breakthroughs in tissue engineering, in vitro construction of tissue organoid made a tremendous stride in the past decade. In this review, we provide an update of the main signal pathways involved in vascular cell differentiation from human PSCs and an extensive overview of PSC-derived tissue organoids, highlighting the most recent discoveries in the field of blood vessel organoids as well as vascularization of other complex tissue organoids, with the aim of discussing the key cellular and molecular players in generating vascular organoids.
血管病变是一种发生在血管壁的病理过程，它可能影响所有重要组织/器官的止血和生理功能，是包括心血管疾病在内的多种人类疾病的主要潜在原因之一。目前旨在延缓或阻止血管病变进展的药物治疗效果并不理想，因此迫切需要寻找新的、有针对性的、降低风险的治疗药物，或具有完全再生潜能的血管移植物，用于治疗有血管异常的患者。自首次报道以来，多能干细胞（PSCs），特别是人类诱导的 PSCs，为包括心血管再生医学和疾病重塑在内的所有研究领域开辟了新途径。在过去十年中，组织工程领域的最新技术突破，使得体外构建组织类器官取得了巨大进展。在这篇综述中，我们提供了人类 PSCs 中血管细胞分化涉及的主要信号通路的最新信息，并广泛概述了 PSC 衍生的组织类器官，重点介绍了血管类器官以及其他复杂组织类器官血管化领域的最新发现，旨在讨论生成血管类器官的关键细胞和分子。
