Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.
Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Cardiovasc Res. 2018 Mar 15;114(4):481-491. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvy005.
A key question in vascular biology is how the diversity of origin of vascular mural cells, namely smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes influences vessel properties, in particular the regional propensity to vascular diseases. This review therefore first describes the role and regulation of mural cells during vascular formation, with a focus on embryonic origin. We then consider the evidence that connects heterogeneities in SMC and pericyte origins with disease. Since this idea has major implications for understanding and modelling human disease, then there is a pressing need for new model systems to investigate mural cell development and the consequences of heterogeneity. Recent advances arising from in vitro strategies for deriving mural cells from human pluripotent stem cells as well as from the zebrafish model will be discussed and the medical relevance of these discoveries will be highlighted.
血管生物学中的一个关键问题是血管壁细胞（即平滑肌细胞和周细胞）起源的多样性如何影响血管特性，特别是血管疾病的区域性易感性。因此，本综述首先描述了壁细胞在血管形成过程中的作用和调节，重点介绍了胚胎起源。然后，我们考虑了将 SMC 和周细胞起源的异质性与疾病联系起来的证据。由于这个想法对理解和模拟人类疾病具有重大意义，因此迫切需要新的模型系统来研究壁细胞的发育和异质性的后果。本文将讨论源自人类多能干细胞的体外策略以及斑马鱼模型在衍生壁细胞方面的最新进展，并强调这些发现的医学相关性。
