Department of Philosophy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Health Care Anal. 2020 Dec;28(4):415-423. doi: 10.1007/s10728-020-00416-8. Epub 2020 Nov 1.
The World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care (WPATH SOC), now in its seventh edition, is a frequently cited, internationally recognized, evidence-based document that details a comprehensive framework for gender-related care of trans people. However, the WPATH SOC still relies heavily in some cases on gatekeeping practices, dubbed "triadic therapy," or a process where a trans patient is encouraged to seek out psychotherapy, and hormone therapy, and only then be able to engage in surgical options for transitioning. I use G. Alan Marlatt's harm reduction framework to argue that the triadic process creates its own set of harms that trans people have to contend with, especially insofar as it focuses on resolving gender dysphoria in a demanding, moralizing, and top-down way as opposed to enriching trans lives by reducing harms that prevent us from flourishing. Using Marlatt's criterion that harm reduction ought to be bottom-up, low threshold, and not moralizing, I develop a list of suggestions for what ought to be centrally considered in treating trans patients.
世界跨性别健康专业协会的护理标准(WPATH SOC),现已更新至第七版,是一份常被引用的、国际认可的循证文件,详细描述了跨性别者相关护理的全面框架。然而,WPATH SOC 在某些情况下仍然严重依赖于把关实践,即所谓的“三联疗法”,或一个过程,即鼓励跨性别患者寻求心理治疗和激素治疗,然后才能进行过渡性手术选择。我使用 G. Alan Marlatt 的减少伤害框架来论证三联疗法会产生自己的一系列危害,而跨性别者必须应对这些危害,尤其是因为它侧重于以苛刻、说教和自上而下的方式解决性别焦虑,而不是通过减少阻碍我们茁壮成长的伤害来丰富跨性别者的生活。使用 Marlatt 的减少伤害应该自下而上、低门槛和非说教的标准,我提出了一系列关于治疗跨性别患者时应重点考虑的建议。