Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain.
Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 29;12(11):3310. doi: 10.3390/nu12113310.
The evolution of obesity and its resulting comorbidities differs depending upon the age of the subject. The dramatic rise in childhood obesity has resulted in specific needs in defining obesity-associated entities with this disease. Indeed, even the definition of obesity differs for pediatric patients from that employed in adults. Regardless of age, one of the earliest metabolic complications observed in obesity involves perturbations in glucose metabolism that can eventually lead to type 2 diabetes. In children, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is infrequent compared to that observed in adults, even with the same degree of obesity. In contrast, insulin resistance is reported to be frequently observed in children and adolescents with obesity. As this condition can be prerequisite to further metabolic complications, identification of biological markers as predictive risk factors would be of tremendous clinical utility. Analysis of obesity-induced modifications of the adipokine profile has been one classic approach in the identification of biomarkers. Recent studies emphasize the utility of metabolomics in the analysis of metabolic characteristics in children with obesity with or without insulin resistance. These studies have been performed with targeted or untargeted approaches, employing different methodologies. This review summarizes some of the advances in this field while emphasizing the importance of the different techniques employed.
肥胖及其相关并发症的演变因研究对象的年龄而异。儿童肥胖率的急剧上升导致了在定义与这种疾病相关的肥胖相关实体方面存在特殊需求。事实上，即使是针对儿科患者的肥胖定义也与成人不同。无论年龄大小，肥胖症最早观察到的代谢并发症之一涉及葡萄糖代谢的紊乱，最终可导致 2 型糖尿病。与成年人相比，即使肥胖程度相同，儿童发生 2 型糖尿病的几率也较低。相比之下，据报道，肥胖儿童和青少年经常出现胰岛素抵抗。由于这种情况可能是进一步代谢并发症的前提，因此识别生物标志物作为预测风险因素将具有巨大的临床应用价值。分析肥胖引起的脂肪因子谱的改变是识别生物标志物的经典方法之一。最近的研究强调了代谢组学在分析有或没有胰岛素抵抗的肥胖儿童代谢特征方面的应用。这些研究采用了靶向或非靶向方法，采用了不同的方法。本综述总结了该领域的一些进展，同时强调了所采用的不同技术的重要性。
