Beaumont Anthony, Giloteaux David, Matheoud Alessandro V, Buzio Marco, Boero Giovanni
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2020 Oct 1;91(10):105001. doi: 10.1063/5.0004128.
We report on four electron paramagnetic resonance sensors for dynamic magnetic field measurements at 36 mT, 100 mT, 360 mT, and 710 mT. The sensors are based on grounded co-planar microwave resonators operating at about 1 GHz and 3 GHz, realized using printed circuit board technology, and on single-chip integrated microwave oscillators operating at about 10 GHz and 20 GHz, realized using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. The sensors are designed to mark precisely the moment when a time-dependent magnetic field attains a specific value. The trigger from the sensor can be used to preset the output of real-time magnetic field measurement systems, called "B-trains," which are in operation at several large synchrotron installations, including five of the CERN's particle accelerators. We discuss in detail the performance achieved, in particular, the magnetic field resolution that is in the range of 0.1 nT/Hz-6 nT/Hz. The effects of material anisotropy and temperature are also discussed. Finally, we present a detailed characterization of the sensors with field ramps as fast as 5 T/s and field gradients as strong as 12 T/m.
我们报告了用于在36毫特斯拉、100毫特斯拉、360毫特斯拉和710毫特斯拉下进行动态磁场测量的四种电子顺磁共振传感器。这些传感器基于采用印刷电路板技术实现的、工作在约1吉赫兹和3吉赫兹的接地共面微波谐振器，以及采用互补金属氧化物半导体技术实现的、工作在约10吉赫兹和20吉赫兹的单芯片集成微波振荡器。这些传感器旨在精确标记随时间变化的磁场达到特定值的时刻。传感器的触发信号可用于预设实时磁场测量系统（称为“B列”）的输出，该系统在包括欧洲核子研究组织的五台粒子加速器在内的多个大型同步加速器装置中运行。我们详细讨论了所实现的性能，特别是磁场分辨率在0.1纳特斯拉/赫兹至6纳特斯拉/赫兹范围内。还讨论了材料各向异性和温度的影响。最后，我们给出了传感器在高达5特斯拉/秒的场斜坡和高达12特斯拉/米的场梯度下的详细特性。
