快速现场诊断犬贾第虫病：时间与性能的较量。
Rapid on-site diagnosis of canine giardiosis: time versus performance.
机构信息
Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, GR, Greece.
Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Iera Odos str. 75, 11855, Athens, GR, Greece.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Nov 2;13(1):544. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04422-6.
BACKGROUND
Infections by protozoans of the genus Giardia are a common cause of diarrhea in dogs. Canine giardiosis constitutes a disease with a zoonotic potential; however, it is often underestimated due to its challenging diagnosis. The objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of an immunochromatographic strip test (Speed Giardia, Virbac, France) comparing it with microscopy (zinc sulfate flotation) by utilizing the combination of an enzyme immunoassay (ProSpecT Giardia EZ Microplate Assay, Oxoid Ltd., UK) and the PCR as the gold standard. A positive result in both ELISA and PCR was set as the gold standard.
METHODS
Initially, fecal samples from dogs with clinical signs compatible with giardiosis were tested with the Speed Giardia test and separated into two groups of 50 samples each: group A (positive) and group B (negative). Thereafter, all samples were examined by zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation technique and assayed by the ProSpecT Giardia Microplate Assay and PCR. The performance of the Speed Giardia and zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation tests were calculated estimating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio; the chi-square and McNemar tests were used for the comparison of the two methods.
RESULTS
Giardia cysts were not detected by microscopy in 16 out of the 50 samples (32%) of group A and in none of group B samples. Eight out of 50 samples in group B (16%) were tested positive both with the ProSpecT Giardia Microplate Assay and PCR. Fecal examination with the Speed Giardia test was more sensitive (86.2%) than the parasitological method (58.6%, P < 0.001) while the specificity of both methods was 100%.
CONCLUSIONS
The Speed Giardia test is an easy-to-perform diagnostic method for the detection of Giardia spp., which can increase laboratory efficiency by reducing time and cost and decrease underdiagnosis of Giardia spp. infections. This immunochromatographic strip test may be routinely exploited when a rapid and reliable diagnosis is required, other diagnostic techniques are unavailable and microscopy expertise is inefficient. In negative dogs with compatible clinical signs of giardiosis, it is recommended either to repeat the exam or proceed with further ELISA and PCR testing.
背景
原虫属贾第虫的感染是犬腹泻的常见原因。犬贾第虫病构成一种具有人畜共患潜力的疾病；然而，由于其诊断具有挑战性，因此往往被低估。本研究的目的是评估免疫层析条带试验（Speed Giardia，Virbac，法国）的诊断性能，将其与利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ProSpecT Giardia EZ 微孔板检测法，Oxoid Ltd.，英国）和 PCR 的组合进行比较，并将其作为金标准。将 ELISA 和 PCR 均呈阳性的结果设为金标准。
方法
最初，对具有贾第虫病临床症状的犬的粪便样本进行 Speed Giardia 检测，并将其分为两组，每组 50 个样本：A 组（阳性）和 B 组（阴性）。然后，所有样本均通过硫酸锌离心浮选技术进行检查，并通过 ProSpecT Giardia 微孔板检测法和 PCR 进行检测。通过计算敏感性、特异性和阳性及阴性似然比来评估 Speed Giardia 和硫酸锌离心浮选试验的性能；使用卡方检验和 McNemar 检验比较两种方法。
结果
在 A 组的 50 个样本中有 16 个（32%）和 B 组的所有样本中均未通过显微镜检查到贾第虫包囊。B 组的 50 个样本中有 8 个（16%）通过 ProSpecT Giardia 微孔板检测法和 PCR 均呈阳性。Speed Giardia 试验的粪便检测比寄生虫学方法更敏感（86.2%比 58.6%，P<0.001），而两种方法的特异性均为 100%。
结论
Speed Giardia 试验是一种易于进行的检测贾第虫属的诊断方法，通过减少时间和成本，可以提高实验室效率，并减少贾第虫属感染的漏诊。当需要快速可靠的诊断、其他诊断技术不可用时或显微镜专业知识效率低下时，可以常规使用这种免疫层析条带试验。对于具有贾第虫病临床症状但粪便检测为阴性的犬，建议重复检查或进行进一步的 ELISA 和 PCR 检测。
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