MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Nat Neurosci. 2020 Dec;23(12):1496-1508. doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-00730-3. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Brain development is an extraordinarily complex process achieved through the spatially and temporally regulated release of key patterning factors. In vitro neurodevelopmental models seek to mimic these processes to recapitulate the steps of tissue fate acquisition and morphogenesis. Classic two-dimensional neural cultures present higher homogeneity but lower complexity compared to the brain. Brain organoids instead have more advanced cell composition, maturation and tissue architecture. They can thus be considered at the interface of in vitro and in vivo neurobiology, and further improvements in organoid techniques are continuing to narrow the gap with in vivo brain development. Here we describe these efforts to recapitulate brain development in neural organoids and focus on their applicability for disease modeling, evolutionary studies and neural network research.
脑发育是一个极其复杂的过程，通过时空调节关键模式形成因子的释放来实现。体外神经发育模型旨在模拟这些过程，以重现组织命运获得和形态发生的步骤。与大脑相比，经典的二维神经培养具有更高的均一性但更低的复杂性。脑类器官则具有更先进的细胞组成、成熟度和组织架构。因此，它们可以被认为处于体外和体内神经生物学的交界处，并且类器官技术的进一步改进正在继续缩小与体内大脑发育的差距。本文描述了在神经类器官中再现大脑发育的这些努力，并重点介绍了它们在疾病建模、进化研究和神经网络研究中的应用。
