Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
Proaction Lab - Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Exp Brain Res. 2021 Jan;239(1):161-173. doi: 10.1007/s00221-020-05904-w. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Visual motion stimuli can sometimes distort our perception of time. This effect is dependent on the apparent speed of the moving stimulus, where faster stimuli are usually perceived lasting longer than slower stimuli. Although it has been shown that neural and cognitive processing of biological motion stimuli differ from non-biological motion stimuli, no study has yet investigated whether perceived durations of biological stimuli differ from non-biological stimuli across different speeds. Here, a prospective temporal reproduction task was used to assess that question. Biological motion stimuli consisted of a human silhouette running in place. Non-biological motion stimuli consisted of a rectangle moving in a pendular way. Amount and plausibility of movement for each stimulus and frame-rate (speed) were evaluated by an independent group of participants. Although the amount of movement perceived was positively correlated to frame rate both for biological and non-biological stimuli, movie clips involving biological motion stimuli were judged to last longer than non-biological motion stimuli only at frame rates for which movement was rated as plausible. These results suggest that plausible representations of biomechanical movement induce additional temporal distortions to those modulated by increases in stimulus speed. Moreover, most studies reporting neural and cognitive differences in the processing of biological and non-biological motion stimuli acquired neurophysiological data using fMRI. Here, we report differences in the processing of biological and non-biological motion stimuli across different speeds using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a less costly and portable form of neurophysiological data acquisition.
视觉运动刺激有时会扭曲我们对时间的感知。这种效应取决于运动刺激的表观速度，其中较快的刺激通常被感知为持续时间比较慢的刺激更长。尽管已经表明，生物运动刺激的神经和认知处理与非生物运动刺激不同，但尚无研究调查生物刺激的感知持续时间是否与不同速度的非生物刺激不同。在这里，使用前瞻性时间再现任务来评估这个问题。生物运动刺激由原地奔跑的人体轮廓组成。非生物运动刺激由以钟摆方式移动的矩形组成。每个刺激和帧率（速度）的运动幅度和逼真度由一组独立的参与者进行评估。尽管对于生物和非生物刺激，感知到的运动幅度与帧率呈正相关，但只有在运动被评为逼真的帧率下，涉及生物运动刺激的电影片段才被判断为比非生物运动刺激持续时间更长。这些结果表明，生物力学运动的逼真表示会对由刺激速度增加调制的时间扭曲产生额外的影响。此外，大多数报告生物和非生物运动刺激处理中的神经和认知差异的研究使用 fMRI 获得神经生理学数据。在这里，我们使用功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 报告了不同速度下生物和非生物运动刺激的处理差异，fNIRS 是一种成本更低、更便携的神经生理学数据采集形式。
