Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021 Mar;9(1):8-30. doi: 10.1002/iid3.370. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
The ubiquitously expressed nonhistone nuclear protein high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) has different functions related to posttranslational modifications and cellular localization. In the nucleus, HMGB1 modulates gene transcription, replication and DNA repair as well as determines chromosomal architecture. When the post-transcriptional modified HMGB1 is released into the extracellular space, it triggers several physiological and pathological responses and initiates innate immunity through interacting with its reciprocal receptors (i.e., TLR4/2 and RAGE). The effect of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory activation on different systems has received increasing attention. HMGB1 is now considered to be an alarmin and participates in multiple inflammation-related diseases. In addition, HMGB1 also affects the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, most studies involving HMGB1 have been focused on adults or mature animals. Due to differences in disease characteristics between children and adults, it is necessary to clarify the role of HMGB1 in pediatric diseases.
Through systematic database retrieval, this review aimed to first elaborate the characteristics of HMGB1 under physiological and pathological conditions and then discuss the clinical significance of HMGB1 in the pediatric diseases according to different systems.
HMGB1 plays an important role in a variety of pediatric diseases and may be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases.
广泛表达的非组蛋白核蛋白高迁移率族蛋白 B1（HMGB1）具有与翻译后修饰和细胞定位相关的不同功能。在核内，HMGB1 调节基因转录、复制和 DNA 修复，并决定染色体结构。当转录后修饰的 HMGB1 被释放到细胞外空间时，它通过与相应的受体（即 TLR4/2 和 RAGE）相互作用，触发多种生理和病理反应，并引发固有免疫。HMGB1 介导的炎症激活对不同系统的影响受到越来越多的关注。HMGB1 现在被认为是警报素，并参与多种与炎症相关的疾病。此外，HMGB1 还影响肿瘤的发生和发展。然而，大多数涉及 HMGB1 的研究都集中在成年人或成熟动物上。由于儿童和成人之间疾病特征的差异，有必要阐明 HMGB1 在儿科疾病中的作用。
通过系统的数据库检索，本综述首先阐述了 HMGB1 在生理和病理条件下的特征，然后根据不同系统讨论了 HMGB1 在儿科疾病中的临床意义。
HMGB1 在多种儿科疾病中发挥重要作用，可能作为儿科疾病新的预防和治疗策略的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点。
