Service de Santé des Armées, Cognition and Action Group, Cognac-G, CNRS UMR 8257, université Paris Descartes, université de Paris, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
Service de neurologie de l'Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Percy, service de santé des armées, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019 Dec;175(10):664-678. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.004. Epub 2019 Sep 13.
Adult primary tumors of the central nervous system are rare, but the incidence is increased in some European countries. Several environmental exposures have been investigated as potential risk factors, but for most, scientific evidence is still lacking. Here we review studies of environmental factors potentially involved in the carcinogenesis of brain tumors: the potential association between primary central nervous system tumors and ionizing radiation, some toxic agents (N-nitroso compounds, pesticides), air pollution, and radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. Brain-ionizing irradiation, especially during childhood, constitutes a well-established risk factor for brain tumors. Exposure to environmental toxins has been poorly explored and data give inconsistent clues about N-nitroso compounds or pesticides as risk factors of brain tumors even for prenatal exposure. For out-door pollution and risk of brain tumour, results of large prospective studies are contradictory. The effect of mobile phones on the risk of developing brain tumors has not been established for glioma and meningioma in adults, but the link with acoustic neurinoma is becoming robust. The effect of mobile phones has still not been explored in children.
成人中枢神经系统原发性肿瘤较为罕见，但在一些欧洲国家其发病率有所增加。已有多项环境暴露因素被作为潜在的风险因素进行研究，但对于大多数因素，科学证据仍然缺乏。在此，我们对可能参与脑肿瘤发生的环境因素进行了研究：原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤与电离辐射、某些有毒物质（亚硝胺化合物、杀虫剂）、空气污染和射频电磁辐射之间的潜在关联。脑电离辐射，尤其是在儿童时期，是脑肿瘤的一个已确立的危险因素。环境毒素的暴露研究得很差，即使是针对产前暴露，关于亚硝胺化合物或杀虫剂作为脑肿瘤的危险因素的数据也提供了不一致的线索。对于户外污染和脑肿瘤风险，大型前瞻性研究的结果相互矛盾。对于成人的胶质瘤和脑膜瘤，移动电话是否会增加罹患脑肿瘤的风险尚未确定，但与听神经瘤的联系正变得越来越紧密。移动电话对儿童罹患脑肿瘤的影响尚未进行研究。
