Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
Chambre d'Agriculture du Jura, Lons-le-Saunier, France.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Mar;171(3):424-434. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13254. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Esca is a complex grapevine trunk disease caused by wood-rotting ascomycetes and basidiomycetes and leading to several foliar and wood symptoms. Given that the esca expression can be influenced by several environmental, physiological, and genetic factors, foliar symptoms are inconsistent in incidence and prevalence and may appear 1 year but not the following. We have previously reported a clone-dependent expression of the disease in cv Chardonnay. Owing to metabolome analysis, we could discriminate the metabolite fingerprint of green leaves collected on diseased vines of clones 76 and 95. These clone-dependent fingerprints were year-dependent in intensity and nature. The present work was conducted to determine if the clone-dependent disease expression observed is specific to Chardonnay or if it also occurs in another cultivar. A plot located in the Jura vineyard (France) and planted with both 1004 and 1026 clones of Trousseau, a cultivar highly susceptible to esca, was thus selected and studied during 2017 and 2018. A year-dependent variation of the symptoms expression was first observed and a possible relationship with rainfall is hypothesized and discussed. Moreover, a higher percentage of the clone 1026 vines expressed disease, compared to the 1004 ones, suggesting the higher susceptibility of this clone. Finally, metabolomic analyses of the remaining green leaves (i.e, without symptom expression) of partial esca-apoplectic vines allowed us to confirm a clone-dependent metabolic response to the disease. The metabolite fingerprints obtained differed in nature and intensity to those previously reported for Chardonnay and also between years.
埃斯卡病是一种复杂的葡萄藤干腐病，由腐朽的子囊菌和担子菌引起，导致多种叶片和木质部症状。由于埃斯卡病的表现受多种环境、生理和遗传因素的影响，叶片症状的发生率和流行率不一致，可能在某一年出现，但次年不一定出现。我们之前曾报道过品种霞多丽中该病的克隆依赖性表达。由于代谢组学分析，我们可以区分在无性系 76 和 95 的患病葡萄藤上采集的绿叶的代谢指纹。这些无性系依赖性的指纹在强度和性质上都随年份而变化。本研究旨在确定观察到的无性系依赖性疾病表达是否仅存在于霞多丽中，还是也存在于另一个品种中。因此，选择了位于汝拉葡萄园（法国）的一个地块，种植了对埃斯卡病高度敏感的图瓦和品丽珠的 1004 和 1026 个无性系，并在 2017 年和 2018 年进行了研究。首先观察到症状表达的年变化，假设并讨论了与降雨的可能关系。此外，与 1004 无性系相比，1026 无性系的更多葡萄藤表达了疾病，表明该无性系的易感性更高。最后，对部分埃斯卡性萎蔫葡萄藤的剩余绿叶（即无症状表达）进行代谢组学分析，证实了对该病的无性系依赖性代谢反应。获得的代谢指纹在性质和强度上与之前报道的霞多丽的代谢指纹不同，而且在不同年份也存在差异。
