Calzarano Francesco, Pagnani Giancarlo, Pisante Michele, Bellocci Mirella, Cillo Giuseppe, Metruccio Elisa Giorgia, Di Marco Stefano
Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Veterinary Public Health Institute of Abruzzo and Molise Regions (IZSAM), Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2021 May 21;10(6):1041. doi: 10.3390/plants10061041.
Esca of grapevine causes yield losses correlated with incidence and severity symptom expression. Factors associated with leaf symptom mechanisms are yet to be fully clarified. Therefore, in 2019 and 2020, macro and microelement analyses and leaf reflectance measurements were carried out on leaves at different growth stages in a vineyard located in Abruzzo, central Italy. Surveys were carried out on leaves of both never leaf-symptomatic vines and different categories of diseased vine shoots. Never leaf-symptomatic and diseased vines were also treated with a fertilizer mixture that proved to be able to limit the symptom expression. Results showed that untreated asymptomatic diseased vines had high calcium contents for most of the vegetative season. On the contrary, treated asymptomatic diseased vines showed higher contents of calcium, magnesium, and sodium, at berries pea-sized, before the onset of symptoms. These vines had better physiological efficiency showing higher water index (WI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) values, compared to untreated asymptomatic vines, at fruit set. Results confirmed the strong response of the plant to symptom expression development and the possibility of limiting this response with calcium and magnesium applications carried out before the symptom onset.
葡萄藤的葡萄皮尔斯病会导致产量损失，这与发病率和症状严重程度相关。与叶片症状机制相关的因素尚未完全阐明。因此，在2019年和2020年，对位于意大利中部阿布鲁佐的一个葡萄园不同生长阶段的叶片进行了常量和微量元素分析以及叶片反射率测量。对从未出现叶片症状的葡萄藤和不同类别的患病葡萄新梢的叶片进行了调查。从未出现叶片症状和患病的葡萄藤还用一种被证明能够限制症状表现的肥料混合物进行了处理。结果表明，未经处理的无症状患病葡萄藤在大部分营养生长季节钙含量较高。相反，经过处理的无症状患病葡萄藤在症状出现前，浆果豌豆大小时，钙、镁和钠的含量较高。与未经处理的无症状葡萄藤相比，这些葡萄藤在坐果期具有更好的生理效率，表现出更高的水分指数（WI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和绿色归一化植被指数（GNDVI）值。结果证实了植物对症状表现发展的强烈反应，以及在症状出现前施用钙和镁来限制这种反应的可能性。
