Measuring the physiological impact of extreme heat on lifeguards during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Randomized simulation study.

OBJECTIVE

Lifeguard teams carry out their work in extremely hot conditions in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of high temperatures on physiological parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

METHOD

A randomized quasi-experimental cross-over design was used to test physiological lifesaving demands (50 min acclimatization +10 min CPR) in two different thermal environments: Thermo-neutral environment (25 °C) vs Hyperthermic environment (37 °C).

RESULTS

The data obtained from 21 lifeguards were included, this covers a total of 420 min of resuscitation. The CPR performance was constantly maintained during the 10 min. The Oxygen uptake (VO 2) ranged from 17 to 18 ml/min/kg for chest compressions (CC) and between 13 and 14 ml/min/kg for ventilations (V) at both 25 °C and 37 °C, with no significant difference between environments (p > 0.05). The percentage of maximum heart rate (%HR max) increased between 7% and 8% at 37 °C (p < 0.001), ranging between 75% and 82% of HR max. The loss of body fluids (LBF) was higher in the hyperthermic environment; LBF: (37 °C: 400 ± 187 g vs 25 °C: 148 ± 81 g, p < 0.001). Body temperature was 1 °C higher at the end of the test (p < 0.001). The perceived fatigue (RPE) increased by 37° an average of 2 points on a scale of 10 (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Extreme heat is not a limiting factor in CPR performance with two lifeguards. Metabolic consumption is sustained, with an increase in CC, so V can serve as active rest. Nevertheless, resuscitation at 37 °C results in a higher HR, is more exhausting and causes significant loss of fluids due to sweating.