Paladino Letizia, Vitale Alessandra Maria, Caruso Bavisotto Celeste, Conway de Macario Everly, Cappello Francesco, Macario Alberto J L, Gammazza Antonella Marino
Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advances Diagnosis (BIND), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2020 Oct 30;9(11):3518. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113518.
The COVID-19 pandemic made imperative the search for means to end it, which requires a knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the multiplication and spread of its cause, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Many viruses use members of the hosts' chaperoning system to infect the target cells, replicate, and spread, and here we present illustrative examples. Unfortunately, the role of chaperones in the SARS-CoV-2 cycle is still poorly understood. In this review, we examine the interactions of various coronaviruses during their infectious cycle with chaperones in search of information useful for future research on SARS-CoV-2. We also call attention to the possible role of molecular mimicry in the development of autoimmunity and its widespread pathogenic impact in COVID-19 patients. Viral proteins share highly antigenic epitopes with human chaperones, eliciting anti-viral antibodies that crossreact with the chaperones. Both, the critical functions of chaperones in the infectious cycle of viruses and the possible role of these molecules in COVID-19 autoimmune phenomena, make clear that molecular chaperones are promising candidates for the development of antiviral strategies. These could consist of inhibiting-blocking those chaperones that are necessary for the infectious viral cycle, or those that act as autoantigens in the autoimmune reactions causing generalized destructive effects on human tissues.
新冠疫情使得寻找终结疫情的方法变得刻不容缓，而这需要了解其病原体——冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2增殖和传播的机制。许多病毒利用宿主伴侣系统的成员来感染靶细胞、进行复制和传播，在此我们给出一些示例。遗憾的是，伴侣蛋白在SARS-CoV-2病毒周期中的作用仍知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们研究了各种冠状病毒在其感染周期中与伴侣蛋白的相互作用，以寻找对未来SARS-CoV-2研究有用的信息。我们还提请注意分子模拟在自身免疫发展中的可能作用及其在新冠患者中广泛的致病影响。病毒蛋白与人伴侣蛋白共享高度抗原性的表位，引发与伴侣蛋白发生交叉反应的抗病毒抗体。伴侣蛋白在病毒感染周期中的关键功能以及这些分子在新冠自身免疫现象中的可能作用，都表明分子伴侣是开发抗病毒策略的有前景的候选对象。这些策略可以包括抑制——阻断那些对病毒感染周期必不可少的伴侣蛋白，或者那些在自身免疫反应中充当自身抗原、对人体组织造成广泛破坏作用的伴侣蛋白。
