Department of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Student Health Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Am J Cardiol. 2021 Feb 1;140:134-139. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.10.055. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Knowledge of cardiovascular adaptations in athletes has predominantly focused on males, with limited data available on females who compromise a substantial percentage of all collegiate athletes. A multicenter retrospective cohort review of preparticipation cardiovascular screening data of 329 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes was performed. This included physical exams, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms. Female athletes in class IB sports had elevated systolic blood pressure (p = 0.01). For electrocardiograms, 7 (2%) had abnormal findings: 100% were white; 6 of 7 (86%) participated in IIC sports. Black athletes had longer PR intervals (p ≤ 0.001), whereas white athletes had longer QTc and QRS durations (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Athletes in IC and IIC sports had longer QTc intervals (p = 0.01). For echocardiographic parameters, no differences were noted based on race. However, significant differences were noted based on classification of sport: athletes in class IC sports had higher left-atrial volume indexes and E/A ratios. Athletes in class IB and IIC had increased left-ventricular wall thicknesses and aortic root dimensions. In conclusion, among one of the largest cohorts of collegiate female athlete preparticipation cardiac screening data to date, significant differences in various parameters based on classification of sport and race were observed. These categorizations should be considered when interpreting cardiovascular screening in female collegiate athletes to improve screening and guide future research.
目前,人们对运动员心血管适应性的了解主要集中在男性身上,而关于女性运动员的相关数据有限,尽管女性运动员在所有大学生运动员中占很大比例。本研究对 329 名参加全国大学生体育协会一级联赛的女性运动员的赛前心血管筛查数据进行了多中心回顾性队列研究。这些数据包括体格检查、心电图和超声心动图。在 IB 类运动中,女性运动员的收缩压升高(p=0.01)。在心电图方面,有 7 项(2%)出现异常:100%为白人;7 项中有 6 项(86%)参加 IIC 运动。黑种人运动员的 PR 间期较长(p≤0.001),而白种人运动员的 QTc 和 QRS 持续时间较长(p=0.02 和 0.01)。IC 和 IIC 运动的运动员的 QTc 间隔较长(p=0.01)。在超声心动图参数方面,种族之间没有差异。然而,基于运动分类,有显著差异:IC 类运动的运动员左心房容积指数和 E/A 比值较高。IB 和 IIC 类运动员的左心室壁厚度和主动脉根部直径增加。总之,在迄今为止最大的大学生女性运动员参赛前心脏筛查数据队列之一中,观察到基于运动和种族分类的各种参数存在显著差异。在对女性大学生运动员进行心血管筛查时,应考虑这些分类,以改善筛查并指导未来的研究。