Pôle Coeur-Thorax-Vaisseaux, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Amiens, Amiens, France; EA 7517, MP3CV, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.
Pôle Coeur-Thorax-Vaisseaux, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Amiens, Amiens, France.
Am J Cardiol. 2021 Feb 1;140:128-133. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.10.046. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Cardiac output (CO) is routinely assessed by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography, yet reference values in adults are lacking. We aim to establish normative values of CO and cardiac index (CI) by pulsed-wave Doppler-echocardiography and to analyze their relation with gender and age in nonobese and obese adults. We included 4,040 adults (mean age: 55 years, 53% women, 950 obese [body mass index ≥30 kg/m²]) with normal blood pressure, no history of cardiovascular disease, and normal transthoracic echocardiography. Normative reference CO and CI values for were calculated in 3,090 nonobese patients by quantile regression. CO normal limits were lower in females than in males (lower limit: 3.3 vs 3.5 L/min, upper limit: 7.3 vs 8.2 L/min). CI normal limits were identical for both genders (lower limit: 1.9 L/min/m², upper limit: 4.3 L/min/m²). Although the relation of CO to age was weak and observed only in women, CI of both genders was not influenced by age. CO of obese patients was significantly greater than that of their nonobese counterparts. CI of obese patients was not influenced by age and gender and was not significantly different than that of nonobese patients (lower limit 1.8 L/min/m², upper limit 4.1 L/min/m² for both genders). In conclusion, in a large adult population we establish normative reference values for CO and CI measured by Doppler-echocardiography. CI is a remarkably stable parameter that is not influenced by age, gender, and body size and should be used to define low- and high-output states.
心输出量（CO）通常通过脉冲波多普勒超声心动图进行评估，但成年人缺乏参考值。我们旨在通过脉冲波多普勒超声心动图建立 CO 和心指数（CI）的正常参考值，并分析它们与非肥胖和肥胖成年人的性别和年龄的关系。我们纳入了 4040 名血压正常、无心血管疾病史和经胸超声心动图正常的成年人（平均年龄：55 岁，53%为女性，950 名肥胖者[体重指数≥30 kg/m²]）。通过定量回归计算 3090 名非肥胖患者的 CO 和 CI 的正常参考值。女性的 CO 正常范围下限低于男性（下限：3.3 比 3.5 L/min，上限：7.3 比 8.2 L/min）。两种性别 CI 的正常范围上限相同（下限：1.9 L/min/m²，上限：4.3 L/min/m²）。尽管 CO 与年龄的关系较弱，仅在女性中观察到，但两性的 CI 不受年龄影响。肥胖患者的 CO 明显大于非肥胖患者。肥胖患者的 CI 不受年龄和性别影响，与非肥胖患者无显著差异（下限 1.8 L/min/m²，上限 4.1 L/min/m²，两性）。总之，在一项大型成年人群中，我们通过多普勒超声心动图建立了 CO 和 CI 的正常参考值。CI 是一个非常稳定的参数，不受年龄、性别和体型的影响，应用于定义低输出和高输出状态。
