厄瓜多尔少女妈妈现象的趋势：挑战与不平等。
Trends in teenage motherhood in Ecuador: challenges and inequalities.
机构信息
Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
出版信息
Int J Public Health. 2020 Dec;65(9):1647-1655. doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01517-w. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
OBJECTIVES
To describe trends in teenage motherhood (TM), based on the socioeconomic groups teenagers belong to, and factors related to their first experience of heterosexual intercourse (FEHI). We took into consideration women aged 20-24 years, comparing three surveys from 1999, 2004, and 2012.
METHODS
We obtained data from the Ecuadorian Demographic and Health Surveys about 4,696 women aged 20-24 years who had given birth as teenagers. Prevalence ratios and their confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to estimate changes in socioeconomic inequalities and factors related to the FEHI.
RESULTS
The prevalence of TM increased from 48% in 1999 to 60% in 2012 among women with complete primary education. The social gradient among socioeconomic groups were sustained. We detected no changes in the socioeconomic inequalities characterizing TM, and in the factors related to the FEHI across the three studies in Ecuador.
CONCLUSIONS
Socioeconomic inequalities in TM and disadvantageous circumstances at FEHI remained unchanged for 14 years. Some factors are vital for reducing teenage motherhood in Ecuador: gender-equitable economic development, access to comprehensive-sexual education, contraception, health services, and safe abortion.
目的
根据青少年所属的社会经济群体，描述少女妈妈（teenage motherhood，TM）的趋势，并探讨与她们首次异性性接触（first experience of heterosexual intercourse，FEHI）相关的因素。我们考虑了年龄在 20-24 岁的女性，比较了 1999 年、2004 年和 2012 年的三次调查。
方法
我们从厄瓜多尔的人口与健康调查中获取了关于 4696 名 20-24 岁生育过的青少年女性的数据。计算了患病率比及其置信区间（95%CI），以评估社会经济不平等和与 FEHI 相关因素的变化。
结果
在完成小学教育的女性中，TM 的患病率从 1999 年的 48%上升到 2012 年的 60%。社会经济群体之间的社会梯度持续存在。我们没有发现三个厄瓜多尔研究中 TM 特征的社会经济不平等以及与 FEHI 相关的因素发生变化。
结论
14 年来，TM 中的社会经济不平等和 FEHI 的不利情况保持不变。一些因素对减少厄瓜多尔的少女妈妈现象至关重要：性别平等的经济发展、全面性教育的普及、避孕、卫生服务和安全堕胎。
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