Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital.
Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Behavioral Science.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2020 Nov-Dec;49(6):701-736. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1802735. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Sleep is vital to youth well-being and when it becomes disturbed - whether due to environmental or individual factors - mental and physical health suffer. Sleep problems can also be a symptom of underlying mental health disorders. Assessing different components of sleep, including quality and hygiene, can be useful both for identifying mental health problems and for measuring changes in well-being over time. However, there are dozens of sleep-related measures for youth and it can be difficult to determine which to select for a specific research or clinical purpose. The goal of this review was to identify sleep-related measures for clinical and/or research use in youth mental health settings, and to update the evidence base on this topic.
We generated a list of candidate measures based on other reviews and searched in PubMed and PsycINFO using the terms "sleep" AND (measure OR assessment OR questionnaire) AND (psychometric OR reliability OR validity). Search results were limited to studies about children and adolescents (aged 2-17) published in English. Additional criteria for inclusion were that there had to be at least three publications reporting on the measure psychometrics in community or mental health populations. Sleep measures meeting these criteria were evaluated using the criteria set by De Los Reyes and Langer (2018).
Twenty-six measures, across four domains of sleep - insomnia, sleep hygiene, sleepiness, sleep quality - met inclusion criteria. Each measure had at least adequate clinical utility. No measure(s) emerged as superior across psychometric domains.
Clinicians and researchers must evaluate sleep measures for each use case, as the intended purpose will dictate which measure is best. Future research is necessary to evaluate measure performance in transdiagnostic mental health populations, including youth with serious mental illness.
睡眠对青少年的健康至关重要，当睡眠受到干扰时——无论是由于环境因素还是个人因素——精神和身体健康都会受到影响。睡眠问题也可能是潜在心理健康障碍的症状。评估睡眠的不同方面，包括睡眠质量和卫生，对于识别心理健康问题和衡量随着时间的推移幸福感的变化都很有用。然而，针对青少年有数十种与睡眠相关的测量方法，很难确定为特定的研究或临床目的选择哪些方法。本综述的目的是确定在青少年心理健康环境中用于临床和/或研究的与睡眠相关的测量方法，并更新关于该主题的证据基础。
我们根据其他综述生成了一份候选测量方法清单，并使用术语“睡眠”和（测量或评估或问卷）和（心理测量学或可靠性或有效性）在 PubMed 和 PsycINFO 中进行搜索。搜索结果仅限于以英语发表的关于儿童和青少年（年龄 2-17 岁）的研究。纳入标准的其他条件是，必须有至少三篇关于该测量方法在社区或心理健康人群中的心理测量学的出版物。符合这些标准的睡眠测量方法使用 De Los Reyes 和 Langer（2018 年）设定的标准进行评估。
有 26 种测量方法，涵盖了睡眠的四个领域——失眠、睡眠卫生、嗜睡、睡眠质量，符合纳入标准。每种测量方法都具有至少足够的临床效用。在心理测量学领域，没有一种测量方法脱颖而出。
临床医生和研究人员必须根据每种使用情况评估睡眠测量方法，因为预期目的将决定哪种方法最适合。未来的研究有必要评估在跨诊断心理健康人群中（包括患有严重精神疾病的青少年）的测量方法的性能。
