Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):2644. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19974-w.
Several recent global events may have impacted adolescent sleep and exacerbated pre-existing disparities by social positions (i.e., social roles, identity or sociodemographic factors, and/or group memberships that are associated with power and oppression due to the structures and processes in a given society at given time). Current understanding of sleep among adolescents is critical to inform interventions for a more equitable future, given the short and long-term consequences of inadequate sleep on health and well-being. This study aimed to provide contemporary evidence on sleep disparities by key social positions among adolescents in Canada.
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using self-reported data collected during 2020-2021 (the first full school year after the COVID-19 pandemic onset) from 52,138 students (mean [SD] age = 14.9 [1.5]) attending 133 Canadian secondary schools. Multiple regression models were used to test whether sleep quality (how well students slept during past week), duration (weekday, weekend, weighted daily average), and guideline adherence (8-10 h/day) differed by sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES).
Females reported a mean [95% CI] difference of -1.7 [-3.7, 0.4] min/day less sleep on weekdays than males, but 7.1 [4.5, 9.6] min/day more sleep on weekends, resulting in no difference in average daily sleep between males and females. Females were less likely to report good quality sleep compared to males (AOR = 0.57 [0.54, 0.60]). SES followed a generally monotonic trend where higher scores were associated with more sleep on weekdays (Δ = -28.6 [-39.5, -17.6]) and weekends (Δ = -17.5 [-3.8, -31.2]) and greater likelihood of higher sleep quality (AOR = 3.04 [2.35, 3.92]). Relative to White adolescents, weekday and average daily sleep duration were lower among all other racial identities; mean differences ranged from ∼ 5-15 min/day, with Black students reporting the least sleep.
Differences in sleep duration and quality were most profound among adolescents from the lowest and highest SES. Racial disparities were more evident on weekdays. Compensatory weekend sleep appears more pronounced in females than males. Addressing sleep inequities is critical, as a robust predictor of multiple health outcomes.
最近的一些全球性事件可能影响了青少年的睡眠，并通过社会地位加剧了先前存在的差异（即，与权力和压迫相关的社会角色、身份或社会人口因素，以及/或群体成员资格，这是由于特定社会在特定时间的结构和过程造成的）。鉴于睡眠不足对健康和福祉的短期和长期影响，了解当前青少年的睡眠情况对于为更公平的未来提供干预措施至关重要。本研究旨在提供加拿大青少年关键社会地位的睡眠差异的当代证据。
使用 2020-2021 年（COVID-19 大流行开始后的第一个完整学年）收集的自我报告数据，对 133 所加拿大中学的 52138 名（平均[SD]年龄=14.9[1.5]）学生进行了横断面分析。使用多元回归模型检验睡眠质量（过去一周学生的睡眠情况）、时长（工作日、周末、加权平均每日）和遵守指导方针（8-10 小时/天）是否因性别和性别、种族和民族以及社会经济地位（SES）而异。
女性报告称，与男性相比，工作日的平均[95%CI]睡眠时间减少了 1.7[3.7,0.4]分钟，但周末的睡眠时间增加了 7.1[4.5,9.6]分钟，因此男性和女性的平均每日睡眠时间没有差异。与男性相比，女性睡眠质量较差的可能性较小（AOR=0.57[0.54,0.60]）。SES 呈单调趋势，得分越高，工作日（Δ=-28.6[-39.5,-17.6]）和周末（Δ=-17.5[-3.8,-31.2]）的睡眠时间越长，睡眠质量越高的可能性越大（AOR=3.04[2.35,3.92]）。与白人青少年相比，所有其他种族身份的青少年的工作日和平均每日睡眠时间都较低；平均差异范围在 5-15 分钟/天之间，黑人学生报告的睡眠时间最短。
在 SES 最低和最高的青少年中，睡眠时长和质量的差异最为明显。种族差异在工作日更为明显。与男性相比，女性的周末补偿性睡眠更为明显。解决睡眠不平等问题至关重要，因为它是多种健康结果的有力预测因素。
