Poels Joris, Verschueren Marc, Milisen Koen, Vlaeyen Ellen
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 4th floor, P.B. 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Development & Education, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Nov 4;20(1):1009. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05854-7.
Although leadership is considered as a key factor in health care, leadership styles and outcomes in nursing homes often remain a black box. Therefore, this study explored leadership styles and leadership outcomes of head nurses and directors of nursing (DoN) in nursing homes based on well-defined leadership concepts.
A multicenter cross-sectional analysis was conducted on baseline data of an ongoing cohort study comprising a convenience sample of nursing home staff (n = 302). Leadership styles and leadership outcomes of head nurses and DoN were measured through the rater form of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X (MLQ-5X). Based on the Full Range of Leadership Model, the MLQ-5X visualizes transformational (relation and change focused), transactional (task-focused) and passive-avoidant (absence of leadership) leadership styles. Scores of head nurses and DoN for leadership styles and outcomes were compared with European Reference Scores (ERS) using two-sided one-sample t-tests.
Compared with ERS, head nurses and DoN scored significantly lower (p < 0.001) on transformational and transactional leadership styles and significantly higher (p < 0.001) on passive-avoidant leadership styles. All leadership outcomes were significantly lower (p < 0.001) for head nurses. Similar results, however not statistically significant, were found concerning leadership outcomes of DoN.
Results indicate that passive-avoidant leadership styles are excessively present in contrast to transformational leadership styles in nursing homes. This highlights an urgent need to invest in leadership development. Therefore, future research should focus on interventions for the development of transformational leadership.
尽管领导力被视为医疗保健中的关键因素，但养老院中的领导风格和成果往往仍是一个黑箱。因此，本研究基于明确的领导概念，探讨了养老院护士长和护理主任（DoN）的领导风格和领导成果。
对一项正在进行的队列研究的基线数据进行多中心横断面分析，该研究包括一个养老院工作人员的便利样本（n = 302）。护士长和护理主任的领导风格和领导成果通过多因素领导力问卷5X（MLQ - 5X）的评估者表格进行测量。基于全方位领导模型，MLQ - 5X将变革型（关系和变革导向）、交易型（任务导向）和被动回避型（缺乏领导力）领导风格可视化。使用双侧单样本t检验将护士长和护理主任在领导风格和成果方面的得分与欧洲参考得分（ERS）进行比较。
与ERS相比，护士长和护理主任在变革型和交易型领导风格上的得分显著更低（p < 0.001），在被动回避型领导风格上的得分显著更高（p < 0.001）。护士长的所有领导成果均显著更低（p < 0.001）。然而，护理主任的领导成果方面发现了类似结果，但无统计学意义。
结果表明，与养老院中的变革型领导风格相比，被动回避型领导风格过度存在。这凸显了投资领导力发展的迫切需求。因此，未来的研究应侧重于变革型领导力发展的干预措施。
