Tummon Hannah M, Allen John, Bindemann Markus
School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
Iperception. 2020 Oct 18;11(5):2041669520958033. doi: 10.1177/2041669520958033. eCollection 2020 Sep-Oct.
Person identification at airports requires the matching of a passport photograph to its bearer. One aim of this process is to find identity impostors, who use valid identity documents of similar-looking people to avoid detection. In psychology, this process has been studied extensively with static pairs of face photographs that require identity match (same person shown) versus mismatch (two different people) decisions. However, this approach provides a limited proxy for studying how other factors, such as nonverbal behaviour, affect this task. The current study investigated the influence of body language on facial identity matching within a virtual reality airport environment, by manipulating activity levels of person avatars queueing at passport control. In a series of six experiments, detection of identity mismatches was unaffected when observers were not instructed to utilise body language. By contrast, under explicit instruction to look out for unusual body language, these cues enhanced detection of mismatches but also increased false classification of matches. This effect was driven by increased activity levels rather than body language that simply differed from the behaviour of the majority of passengers. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
在机场进行身份识别需要将护照照片与持照人进行比对。这一过程的一个目的是找出身份冒名顶替者，他们利用长相相似之人的有效身份证件来逃避检查。在心理学领域，人们已经对这一过程进行了广泛研究，研究方式是使用静态的面部照片对，要求做出身份匹配（展示的是同一个人）与不匹配（两个不同的人）的判断。然而，这种方法对于研究诸如非语言行为等其他因素如何影响这项任务而言，只是一种有限的替代方式。当前的研究通过操纵在护照检查处排队的人物虚拟形象的活动水平，调查了虚拟现实机场环境中肢体语言对面部身份匹配的影响。在一系列六个实验中，当观察者未被指示利用肢体语言时，身份不匹配的检测不受影响。相比之下，在明确指示要留意异常肢体语言的情况下，这些线索提高了对不匹配情况的检测，但也增加了对匹配情况的错误分类。这种效应是由活动水平的提高驱动的，而不是由仅仅与大多数乘客行为不同的肢体语言驱动的。本文讨论了这些发现的意义和局限性。
