Real-time, wide-field and high-quality single snapshot imaging of optical properties with profile correction using deep learning.

The development of real-time, wide-field and quantitative diffuse optical imaging methods to visualize functional and structural biomarkers of living tissues is a pressing need for numerous clinical applications including image-guided surgery. In this context, Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) is an attractive method allowing for the fast estimation of optical properties using the Single Snapshot of Optical Properties (SSOP) approach. Herein, we present a novel implementation of SSOP based on a combination of deep learning network at the filtering stage and Graphics Processing Units (GPU) capable of simultaneous high visual quality image reconstruction, surface profile correction and accurate optical property (OP) extraction in real-time across large fields of view. In the most optimal implementation, the presented methodology demonstrates megapixel profile-corrected OP imaging with results comparable to that of profile-corrected SFDI, with a processing time of 18 ms and errors relative to SFDI method less than 10% in both profilometry and profile-corrected OPs. This novel processing framework lays the foundation for real-time multispectral quantitative diffuse optical imaging for surgical guidance and healthcare applications. All code and data used for this work is publicly available at www.healthphotonics.org under the resources tab.