加泰罗尼亚（西班牙）儿童视力障碍及与社会经济地位相关的视觉保健

University Vision Centre, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Spain.

Terrassa School of Optics and Optometry, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Spain.

Child Care Health Dev. 2021 Jan;47(1):94-102. doi: 10.1111/cch.12826. Epub 2020 Nov 11.

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of visual impairment and visual care practices and its association with socioeconomic conditions in the infant population in Catalonia.

METHODS

The Catalan Institute of Statistics provided a random sample of 0 to 14-year-old non-institutionalized children whose parents were interviewed in a continuous health survey from 2011 to 2015 in Catalonia. A multistage stratified and random sampling procedure considering age, sex, county and town was followed. All results have been weighted according to the sample design and are presented as the proportion of the condition with its 95% confidence limits. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate the association between categorical variables. To study the association of visual care with independent variables, a multiple logistic regression model was used.

RESULTS

In 0 to 14-year-old children, a 12.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] [11.8-13.9]) prevalence of correctable visual impairment was observed. The prevalence of non-correctable visual impairment was 0.9% (95% CI [0.6-1.2]). Non-correctable visual impairment was more prevalent in families with lower education levels, manual professions or unemployed. Of children without visual impairment, 13,5% (95% CI:12.3-14.6) visited a visual care professional in the last 12 months while this proportion was 67.4% (95% CI [63.3-71.5]) among those with correctable visual impairment. When parents have a university degree or non-manual professions, a higher level of visual care was observed. In children with correctable visual impairment, visual reviews were more frequent when parents are employed in a non-manual profession.

CONCLUSIONS

For the first time, indicators related to visual impairment in children in Catalonia have been recorded. There is an association between lower socioeconomic status and having non-correctable visual impairment, and conversely, having correctable visual impairment was significantly associated with employed parents. More visual care is associated with higher socioeconomic status.

背景

本研究旨在评估加泰罗尼亚婴儿人群中视力障碍的流行率以及视觉保健实践情况，并分析其与社会经济条件的关联。

方法

加泰罗尼亚统计局提供了一个随机样本，包含 2011 年至 2015 年期间在加泰罗尼亚接受连续健康调查的 0 至 14 岁非机构化儿童及其父母。采用多阶段分层和随机抽样程序，考虑年龄、性别、县和镇。所有结果均根据样本设计进行加权，并以条件的比例及其 95%置信区间呈现。采用卡方检验评估分类变量之间的关联。为研究视觉保健与自变量的关联，采用多元逻辑回归模型。

结果

在 0 至 14 岁儿童中，可矫正视力障碍的患病率为 12.9%（95%置信区间[CI] [11.8-13.9]）。不可矫正视力障碍的患病率为 0.9%（95% CI [0.6-1.2]）。受教育程度较低、从事体力劳动或失业的家庭中，不可矫正视力障碍更为常见。在没有视力障碍的儿童中，13.5%（95% CI：12.3-14.6）在过去 12 个月内曾就诊于视觉保健专业人员，而在可矫正视力障碍的儿童中，这一比例为 67.4%（95% CI [63.3-71.5]）。当父母具有大学学历或从事非体力劳动职业时，视觉保健水平更高。在可矫正视力障碍的儿童中，父母从事非体力劳动职业时，视力检查更为频繁。