Yap 在放射性腮腺唾液腺中的激活受 ROCK 活性的调节。
Yap activation in irradiated parotid salivary glands is regulated by ROCK activity.
机构信息
Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 5;15(11):e0232921. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232921. eCollection 2020.
Radiotherapy plays a major role in the curative treatment of head and neck cancer, either as a single modality therapy, or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy, or both. Despite advances to limit radiation-induced side-effects, the major salivary glands are often affected. This frequently leads to hyposalivation which causes an increased risk for xerostomia, dental caries, mucositis, and malnutrition culminating in a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Previous research demonstrated that loss of salivary function is associated with a decrease in polarity regulators and an increase in nuclear Yap localization in a putative stem and progenitor cell (SPC) population. Yap activation has been shown to be essential for regeneration in intestinal injury models; however, the highest levels of nuclear Yap are observed in irradiated salivary SPCs that do not regenerate the gland. Thus, elucidating the inputs that regulate nuclear Yap localization and determining the role that Yap plays within the entire tissue following radiation damage and during regeneration is critical. In this study, we demonstrate that radiation treatment increases nuclear Yap localization in acinar cells and Yap-regulated genes in parotid salivary tissues. Conversely, administration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), known to restore salivary function in mouse models, reduces nuclear Yap localization and Yap transcriptional targets to levels similar to untreated tissues. Activation of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) using calpeptin results in increased Yap-regulated genes in primary acinar cells while inhibition of ROCK activity (Y-27632) leads to decreased Yap transcriptional targets. These results suggest that Yap activity is dependent on ROCK activity and provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of radiation-induced hyposalivation.
放射疗法在头颈部癌症的治疗中起着重要作用,无论是作为单一治疗方式,还是与手术、化疗联合应用,或者两者兼而有之。尽管已经取得了进展以限制放射引起的副作用,但主要的唾液腺仍常常受到影响。这常常导致唾液分泌减少,从而增加了口干、龋齿、黏膜炎和营养不良的风险,最终对患者的生活质量产生重大影响。以前的研究表明,唾液功能的丧失与极性调节剂的减少以及假定的干细胞和祖细胞(SPC)群体中核 Yap 定位的增加有关。Yap 的激活对于肠道损伤模型中的再生是必不可少的;然而,在不再生腺体的放射处理的唾液 SPC 中观察到最高水平的核 Yap。因此,阐明调节核 Yap 定位的输入,并确定 Yap 在放射损伤后和再生期间在整个组织中所起的作用是至关重要的。在这项研究中,我们证明放射治疗会增加腮腺唾液组织中上皮细胞的核 Yap 定位和 Yap 调节基因。相反,胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF1)的给药,已知可在小鼠模型中恢复唾液功能,可将核 Yap 定位和 yap 转录靶标减少至与未处理组织相似的水平。使用 calpeptin 激活 Rho 相关蛋白激酶(ROCK)会导致原代上皮细胞中 Yap 调节基因增加,而抑制 ROCK 活性(Y-27632)会导致 yap 转录靶标减少。这些结果表明 Yap 活性依赖于 ROCK 活性,并为放射诱导的唾液分泌减少的调节提供了新的机制见解。