Center for Demographic Studies, Bellaterra, Spain.
Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 5;15(11):e0241952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241952. eCollection 2020.
To provide an interpretable summary of the impact on mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic we estimate weekly and annual life expectancies at birth in Spain and its regions.
We used daily death count data from the Spanish Daily Mortality Monitoring System (MoMo), and death counts from 2018, and population on July 1st, 2019 by region (CCAA), age groups, and sex from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. We estimated weekly and annual (2019 and 2020*, the shifted annual calendar period up to 5 July 2020) life expectancies at birth as well as their differences with respect to 2019.
Weekly life expectancies at birth in Spain were lower in weeks 11-20, 2020 compared to the same weeks in 2019. This drop in weekly life expectancy was especially strong in weeks 13 and 14 (March 23rd to April 5th), with national declines ranging between 6.1 and 7.6 years and maximum regional weekly declines of up to 15 years in Madrid. Annual life expectancy differences between 2019 and 2020 also reflected an overall drop in annual life expectancy of 0.9 years for both men and women. These drops ranged between 0 years in several regions (e.g. Canary and Balearic Islands) to 2.8 years among men in Madrid.
Life expectancy is an easy to interpret measure for understanding the heterogeneity of mortality patterns across Spanish regions. Weekly and annual life expectancy are sensitive and useful indicators for understanding disparities and communicating the gravity of the situation because differences are expressed in intuitive year units.
为了提供对 COVID-19 大流行对死亡率影响的可解释性总结，我们估计了西班牙及其地区出生时的每周和年度预期寿命。
我们使用了西班牙每日死亡率监测系统（MoMo）的每日死亡人数数据，以及 2018 年的死亡人数数据，以及 2019 年 7 月 1 日按地区（CCAA）、年龄组和性别的人口数据，这些数据来自西班牙国家统计局。我们估计了每周和年度（2019 年和 2020 年*，到 2020 年 7 月 5 日为止的年度日历周期转移）的出生时预期寿命，以及与 2019 年的差异。
与 2019 年同期相比，西班牙 2020 年第 11-20 周的每周出生时预期寿命较低。每周预期寿命的下降在第 13 周和第 14 周（3 月 23 日至 4 月 5 日）特别强烈，全国下降幅度在 6.1 至 7.6 岁之间，马德里地区最大的每周下降幅度高达 15 岁。2019 年和 2020 年之间的年度预期寿命差异也反映了男女年度预期寿命的总体下降，分别为 0.9 年。这些下降幅度在几个地区为 0 年（如加那利群岛和巴利阿里群岛）至马德里男性的 2.8 年。
预期寿命是理解西班牙各地区死亡率模式异质性的一个易于解释的衡量标准。每周和年度预期寿命是理解差异和传达情况严重性的敏感和有用指标，因为差异以直观的年度单位表示。
