Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
School of Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 3;17(21):8120. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218120.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the home-based physical activity (PA) environmental characteristics, and different types of physical behavior level of adolescents in different genders, and explore the impact of different domains of home-based PA environmental factors on different physical behaviors of adolescents in different genders.
Five hundred forty-four adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years old (males: = 358, females: = 186) and their parents were analyzed in this cross-sectional survey. The volume of various physical behaviors of all adolescent subjects were measured by the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer, and the level in different domains of home-based environmental characteristics were assessed by the Gattshall's home-based PA environment questionnaire, which was answered by adolescents' parents. The difference in the volume of different physical behaviors was examined using Kruskal-Wallis analysis. The difference in home physical environment and home social environment for adolescents was examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple linear regression analysis in the adjusted model was used to evaluate the influence of different home-based PA environmental domains (PA availability, PA accessibility, Parental role-modeling of PA, and Parental policies around PA) on different physical behaviors (sedentary behavior, SB; light-intensity physical activity, LPA; and moderate-vigorous physical activity, MVPA) of adolescents (boys and girls).
The volume of LPA and MVPA, the score of PA accessibility in the home physical environment, and the score of home social environment of boys are significantly higher than those of girls, while the SB volume of boys is significantly lower than that of girls. The PA availability, the parents' role-modeling of PA in same-sex parent-child dyads, and the parents' policies around PA in opposite-sex parent-child dyads are significantly associated with adolescents' decreased SB and increased LPA and MVPA.
There is significant gender difference in adolescents' physical behaviors and home-based environmental characteristics, as well as in the association between adolescents' physical behaviors and their home-based environment. The PA availability, the parents' role-modeling of PA in same-sex parent-child dyads, and the parents' policies around PA in opposite-sex parent-child dyads can significantly promote adolescents' healthy physical behaviors.
本研究旨在评估青少年不同性别在家中的身体活动（PA）环境特征和不同类型的身体活动水平，并探讨不同家庭 PA 环境因素领域对不同性别青少年不同身体活动的影响。
本横断面调查分析了 544 名 12 至 18 岁的青少年（男性：n=358，女性：n=186）及其父母。所有青少年受试者的各种身体活动量均采用 ActiGraph wGT3X-BT 加速度计测量，家庭环境特征的不同领域的活动量采用 Gattshall 家庭 PA 环境问卷评估，由青少年父母回答。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 分析比较不同身体活动量的差异。采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）比较青少年家庭物理环境和家庭社会环境的差异。采用调整后的模型进行多元线性回归分析，评估不同家庭 PA 环境领域（PA 可及性、PA 可及性、父母 PA 榜样作用和父母 PA 政策）对青少年（男孩和女孩）不同身体活动（久坐行为、LPA 和 MVPA）的影响。
男孩的 LPA 和 MVPA 量、家庭物理环境中 PA 可及性得分和家庭社会环境得分均显著高于女孩，而男孩的 SB 量显著低于女孩。PA 可及性、同性父母-子女对子中父母的 PA 榜样作用以及异性父母-子女对子中父母的 PA 政策与青少年 SB 减少和 LPA 和 MVPA 增加显著相关。
青少年的身体活动和家庭环境特征以及青少年身体活动与其家庭环境之间的关系存在显著的性别差异。PA 可及性、同性父母-子女对子中父母的 PA 榜样作用以及异性父母-子女对子中父母的 PA 政策可以显著促进青少年的健康身体活动。
