Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/emily_brigham.
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2020 Dec;41(4):623-639. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2020.08.009.
Pulmonary health disparities disproportionately impact disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. This article focuses on disparities in disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumoconiosis, and lung cancer. Disparities are categorized by race, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographic region. Each category highlights differences in risk factors for the development and severity of lung disease. Risk factors include social, behavioral, economic, and biologic determinants of health (occupational/environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors, smoking, health literacy, health care provider bias, and health care access). Many of these risk factors are complex and inter-related; strategies proposed to decrease disparities require multilevel approaches.
肺部健康差距不成比例地影响到弱势和脆弱群体。本文重点关注哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、尘肺病和肺癌在疾病流行率、发病率和死亡率方面的差异。差异按种族、年龄、性别、社会经济地位和地理位置进行分类。每个类别都强调了肺部疾病发展和严重程度的风险因素的差异。风险因素包括健康的社会、行为、经济和生物决定因素（职业/环境暴露、心理社会压力源、吸烟、健康素养、医疗保健提供者偏见和医疗保健可及性）。其中许多风险因素复杂且相互关联；为减少差距而提出的策略需要多层次的方法。
