Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2020 Dec;41(12):1083-1099. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.10.005. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against pathogens, including coronaviruses (CoVs). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV are epidemic zoonotic CoVs that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. The recently emerged virus SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of CoV that has caused the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Scientific advancements made by studying the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks have provided a foundation for understanding pathogenesis and innate immunity against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we focus on our present understanding of innate immune responses, inflammasome activation, inflammatory cell death pathways, and cytokine secretion during SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss how the pathogenesis of these viruses influences these biological processes.
先天免疫系统是抵御病原体的第一道防线，包括冠状病毒（CoV）。严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）-CoV 和中东呼吸综合征（MERS）-CoV 是 21 世纪初出现的流行的人畜共患 CoV。最近出现的病毒 SARS-CoV-2 是一种新型冠状病毒株，引起了冠状病毒 2019（COVID-19）大流行。通过研究 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 爆发所取得的科学进展为了解 SARS-CoV-2 的发病机制和先天免疫提供了基础。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了我们目前对 SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间先天免疫反应、炎性小体激活、炎症细胞死亡途径和细胞因子分泌的理解。我们还讨论了这些病毒的发病机制如何影响这些生物学过程。
