Department of Life Sciences (DLS), School of Environment and Life Sciences (SELS), Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Plot 16, Block B, Aftabuddin Ahmed Road, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
Arch Microbiol. 2021 Jul;203(5):1943-1951. doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02265-y. Epub 2021 Mar 7.
COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put the global public health at its highest threat around the world. Previous epidemic caused by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 is also considered since both the coronaviruses resulted in the similar clinical complications. The outbreak caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 had a low rate of disease transmission and death cases. Modes of entry by MERS and SARS coronaviruses are similar to that of SARS-CoV-2, except MERS-CoV utilize different receptor. They all belong to the lineage C of β-coronavirus. Based on the information from the previous reports, the present review is mainly focused on the mechanisms of disease progression by each of these viruses in association to their strategies to escape the host immunity. The viral entry is the first step of pathogenesis associated with attachment of viral spike protein with host receptor help releasing the viral RNA into the host cell. Models of molecular pathogenesis are outlined with virus strategies escaping the host immunity along with the role of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the process. The molecular aspects of pathogenesis have also been discussed.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 COVID-19 大流行在全球范围内对全球公共卫生造成了前所未有的威胁。2002 年由急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）引起的先前流行也被认为是由于这两种冠状病毒导致了类似的临床并发症。2012 年由中东呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）引起的疫情传播率和死亡病例较低。MERS 和 SARS 冠状病毒的进入模式与 SARS-CoV-2 相似，只是 MERS-CoV 利用不同的受体。它们都属于β冠状病毒的谱系 C。基于以前报告中的信息，本综述主要集中在这些病毒各自引起疾病进展的机制上，以及它们逃避宿主免疫的策略。病毒进入是与病毒刺突蛋白与宿主受体结合从而将病毒 RNA 释放到宿主细胞相关的发病机制的第一步。概述了病毒逃避宿主免疫的策略以及各种炎症细胞因子和趋化因子在该过程中的作用的分子发病机制模型。还讨论了发病机制的分子方面。
