Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, Ceske Budejovice (Budweis), Czechia.
Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Service d'entomologie médicale, 1002, Tunis, Tunisie.
J Cell Sci. 2020 Nov 5;134(5):jcs246744. doi: 10.1242/jcs.246744.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are nucleotide sequences that are known to assume regulatory roles previously thought to be reserved for proteins. Their functions include the regulation of protein activity and localization and the organization of subcellular structures. Sequencing studies have now identified thousands of ncRNAs encoded within the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, leading to advances in several fields including parasitology. ncRNAs play major roles in several aspects of vector-host-pathogen interactions. Arthropod vector ncRNAs are secreted through extracellular vesicles into vertebrate hosts to counteract host defense systems and ensure arthropod survival. Conversely, hosts can use specific ncRNAs as one of several strategies to overcome arthropod vector invasion. In addition, pathogens transmitted through vector saliva into vertebrate hosts also possess ncRNAs thought to contribute to their pathogenicity. Recent studies have addressed ncRNAs in vectors or vertebrate hosts, with relatively few studies investigating the role of ncRNAs derived from pathogens and their involvement in establishing infections, especially in the context of vector-borne diseases. This Review summarizes recent data focusing on pathogen-derived ncRNAs and their role in modulating the cellular responses that favor pathogen survival in the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector, as well as host ncRNAs that interact with vector-borne pathogens.
非编码 RNA（ncRNAs）是核苷酸序列，已知其具有以前被认为仅由蛋白质承担的调节作用。它们的功能包括调节蛋白质的活性和定位以及亚细胞结构的组织。测序研究现已在原核生物和真核生物基因组中鉴定出数千种编码的 ncRNAs，从而推动了包括寄生虫学在内的多个领域的发展。ncRNAs 在几种虫媒宿主病原体相互作用的方面发挥着重要作用。节肢动物载体 ncRNAs 通过细胞外囊泡分泌到脊椎动物宿主中，以对抗宿主防御系统并确保节肢动物的存活。相反，宿主可以利用特定的 ncRNAs 作为克服节肢动物载体入侵的几种策略之一。此外，通过载体唾液传播到脊椎动物宿主中的病原体也具有被认为有助于其致病性的 ncRNAs。最近的研究已经研究了载体或脊椎动物宿主中的 ncRNAs，但很少有研究调查源自病原体的 ncRNAs 的作用及其在建立感染中的参与，特别是在虫媒疾病的背景下。本综述总结了最近关于病原体衍生 ncRNAs 及其在调节有利于病原体在脊椎动物宿主和节肢动物载体中存活的细胞反应中的作用的研究数据，以及与虫媒病原体相互作用的宿主 ncRNAs。
