Odusanya Olumuyiwa O, Odugbemi Babatunde A, Odugbemi Tinuola O, Ajisegiri Whenayon S
Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria.
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2020 Oct-Dec;27(4):261-267. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_208_20.
COVID-19, a highly infectious disease, caused by a novel virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought about an unprecedented threat to global health. First reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has now spread to all continents of the world becoming a pandemic. There is no known treatment or vaccine for it although many candidate drugs and vaccines are in various clinical trial phases. For now, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) have become the mainstay of response for COVID-19 and are being used across the world to flatten the epidemiologic curve with some success. This review focussed on identifying which NPIs have been effective. NPIs that are effective include isolation and quarantine, physical distancing, use of face masks and hand hygiene. These measures are best used in combination and simultaneously. The evidence is that they should be instituted early in the pandemic and for sustained periods. They should also be implemented in the context of the cultural and socioeconomic conditions of the populace. Ineffective NPIs include ultraviolet irradiation and spraying of outdoor spaces and individuals. We recommend that decision makers weigh the evidence carefully, as it applies to the local setting to inform public health decisions.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种由新型病毒——严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的高传染性疾病，给全球健康带来了前所未有的威胁。2019年12月在中国武汉首次报告，现已蔓延至世界各大洲，成为大流行病。尽管许多候选药物和疫苗正处于不同的临床试验阶段，但目前尚无针对该病的已知治疗方法或疫苗。目前，非药物干预措施（NPIs）已成为应对COVID-19的主要手段，并在全球范围内用于平缓流行病学曲线，且取得了一定成效。本综述着重于确定哪些非药物干预措施是有效的。有效的非药物干预措施包括隔离与检疫、保持社交距离、佩戴口罩和手部卫生。这些措施最好联合并同时使用。有证据表明，应在疫情早期且持续实施这些措施。还应根据民众的文化和社会经济状况来实施这些措施。无效的非药物干预措施包括对户外空间和个人进行紫外线照射和喷洒。我们建议决策者仔细权衡证据，因为这适用于当地情况，以便为公共卫生决策提供依据。
