Habel Michal, Mechkin Karl, Podgorska Krescencja, Saunes Marius, Babiński Zygmunt, Chalov Sergey, Absalon Damian, Podgórski Zbigniew, Obolewski Krystian
Institute of Geography, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Faculty of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-680, Poznań, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 5;10(1):19210. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76158-3.
The removal of dams and reservoirs may seem to be an unforeseen and sometimes controversial step in water management. The removal of barriers may be different for each country or region, as each differs greatly in terms of politics, economy and social and cultural awareness. This paper addresses the complex problem of removing dams on rivers and their connected reservoirs. We demonstrate the scales of the changes, including their major ecological, economic, and social impacts. Arguments and approaches to this problem vary across states and regions, depending on the political system, economy and culture, as confirmed by the qualitative and quantitative intensities of the dam removal process and its global geographical variation. The results indicate that the removal of dams on rivers and their connected reservoirs applies predominantly to smaller structures (< 2.5 m). The existing examples provide an important conclusion that dams and reservoirs should be considered with regard to the interrelations between people and the environment. Decisions to deconstruct hydraulic engineering structures (or, likewise, to construct them) have to be applied with scrutiny. Furthermore, all decision-making processes have to be consistent and unified and thus developed to improve the lack of strategies currently implemented across world.
拆除水坝和水库在水资源管理中可能看似是一个不可预见且有时颇具争议的举措。拆除障碍物对于每个国家或地区而言可能有所不同，因为各国在政治、经济以及社会文化认知方面存在很大差异。本文探讨了拆除河流上的水坝及其相连水库这一复杂问题。我们展示了这些变化的规模，包括其主要的生态、经济和社会影响。针对这一问题的论点和方法因州和地区而异，这取决于政治制度、经济和文化，拆除水坝过程的定性和定量强度及其全球地理差异证实了这一点。结果表明，拆除河流上的水坝及其相连水库主要适用于较小的结构（<2.5米）。现有的实例提供了一个重要结论，即应从人与环境的相互关系角度来考虑水坝和水库。拆除水利工程结构（或者同样地，建造它们）的决策必须经过仔细审查。此外，所有决策过程都必须保持一致和统一，从而加以完善，以弥补目前全球范围内实施策略的不足。
