Liu Baohua, Gao Fei, Zhang Jianfeng, Zhou Hongguo, Sun Ning, Li Laiyou, Liang Libo, Ning Ning, Wu Qunhong, Zhao Miaomiao
School of Health Services and Management, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2020 Oct 29;12:855-864. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S266493. eCollection 2020.
Sleep affects a wide array of health outcomes and is associated with the quality of life. Among students, sleep quality is affected by school stage and grade; however, data regarding the different sleep-related problems students experience at different school stages are limited. In this study, we aimed to explore sleep quality among a student sample ranging from elementary school to university level.
Overall, data were examined for 9392 subjects aged 9-22 years. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and other variables were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Sleep quality on school nights was evaluated using the standard Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; global score >5 was classified as poor sleep quality. For the high school sample, logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between sleep quality and certain factors.
Of the elementary school, middle school, vocational high school, senior high school, and university students, 7.5%, 19.2%, 28.6%, 41.9%, and 28.5%, respectively, showed poor sleep quality. The high school students reported the highest prevalence of shorter sleep duration (70.8%), day dysfunction (84.7%), and subjective poor sleep quality (17.2%). The elementary school students showed the highest prevalence of poor sleep efficiency (17.9%). The university students showed the highest prevalence of sleep medication use (6.4%). The vocational high school students reported the highest prevalence of sleep latency (6.3%) and sleep disturbance (7.4%). Logistic regression modeling indicated that sleep quality is positively associated with school stage, grade, family atmosphere, academic pressure, and number of friends.
Sleep quality and sleep features change greatly from elementary school to university. Interventions to improve sleep quality should consider targeting the specific issues students experience at each school stage. Alarmed by the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among high school students, it is recommended that high school students should be informed of their sleep matter and the consequences.
睡眠影响一系列健康结果，并与生活质量相关。在学生中，睡眠质量受学校阶段和年级的影响；然而，关于学生在不同学校阶段经历的不同睡眠相关问题的数据有限。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨从小学到大学水平的学生样本中的睡眠质量。
总体而言，对9392名9至22岁的受试者的数据进行了检查。通过自填问卷收集社会人口学特征和其他变量的信息。使用标准的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评估上学日晚上的睡眠质量；全球得分>5被分类为睡眠质量差。对于高中样本，使用逻辑回归分析来估计睡眠质量与某些因素之间的关联。
在小学生、初中生、职业高中生、高中生和大学生中，分别有7.5%、19.2%、28.6%、41.9%和28.5%的人睡眠质量差。高中生报告的睡眠时间短（70.8%）、日间功能障碍（84.7%）和主观睡眠质量差（17.2%）的患病率最高。小学生的睡眠效率低（17.9%）患病率最高。大学生的睡眠药物使用率（6.4%）最高。职业高中生报告的入睡潜伏期（6.3%）和睡眠障碍（7.4%）患病率最高。逻辑回归模型表明，睡眠质量与学校阶段、年级、家庭氛围、学业压力和朋友数量呈正相关。
从小学到大学，睡眠质量和睡眠特征变化很大。改善睡眠质量的干预措施应考虑针对学生在每个学校阶段遇到的具体问题。鉴于高中生睡眠质量差的患病率很高，建议让高中生了解他们的睡眠问题及其后果。
