Kumar Vivek, Gupta Sameer, Varma Kachnar, Sachan Manisha
Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India.
Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
DNA Cell Biol. 2020 Nov 6. doi: 10.1089/dna.2020.6024.
Ovarian cancer is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy affecting women throughout the globe. Ovarian cancer has several subtypes, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with a whopping incidence rate of 239,000 per year, making it the sixth most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Despite advancement of detection and therapeutics, death rate accounts for 152,000 per annum. Several protein-based biomarkers such as CA125 and HE4 are currently being used for diagnosis, but their sensitivity and specificity for early detection of ovarian cancer are under question. MicroRNA (a small noncoding RNA molecule that participates in post-transcription regulation of gene expression) and its functional deregulation in most cancers have been discovered in the previous two decades. Studies support that miRNA deregulation has an epigenetic component as well. Aberrant miRNA expression is often correlated with the form of EOC tumor, histological grade, prognosis, and FIGO stage. In this review, we addressed epigenetic regulation of miRNAs, the latest research on miRs as a biomarker in the detection of EOC, and tailored assays to use miRNAs as a biomarker in ovarian cancer diagnosis.
卵巢癌是全球影响女性的最常见妇科恶性肿瘤。卵巢癌有几种亚型，包括上皮性卵巢癌（EOC），其年发病率高达239,000例，使其成为全球第六大常见妇科恶性肿瘤。尽管检测和治疗方法有所进步，但每年的死亡率仍达152,000例。目前，几种基于蛋白质的生物标志物，如CA125和HE4，正用于诊断，但它们对卵巢癌早期检测的敏感性和特异性受到质疑。在过去二十年中，人们发现了微小RNA（一种参与基因表达转录后调控的小非编码RNA分子）及其在大多数癌症中的功能失调。研究表明，miRNA失调也具有表观遗传成分。异常的miRNA表达通常与EOC肿瘤的类型、组织学分级、预后和国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期相关。在本综述中，我们探讨了miRNA的表观遗传调控、miR作为EOC检测生物标志物的最新研究，以及将miRNA用作卵巢癌诊断生物标志物的定制检测方法。
