Technical University of Munich, Institute for Advanced Study, Lichtenbergstr. 2 a, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München, Germany.
Phys Med. 2020 Nov;79:65-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.10.010. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
Röntgen's discovery of a new type of radiation is the epochal event in a series of highlights of physics emerging within only a few decades of the late 19th century. As these discoveries are directly or indirectly rooting in the study of the phenomenon of electric discharge in gases a brief look at the physics scenario in the immediate pre-X-ray era is presented in the first section. Rather than just the fortune with the bold it is Röntgen's character as a diligent, self-critical and ingenious scientist which made his discovery possible. This will be illustrated in the sections on Röntgen's personal life and some specific details of his experiments leading to the discovery of X-rays. Finally, a short overview is given on the potential and the large variety of applications of X-rays.
伦琴发现的一种新型辐射是 19 世纪后期短短几十年间物理学一系列重大发现中的划时代事件。由于这些发现直接或间接地源于对气体放电现象的研究，因此在第一节中简要介绍了 X 射线前时代的物理学背景。与其说这只是幸运，不如说是伦琴作为一名勤奋、善于自我批评和富有创造力的科学家的性格使他的发现成为可能。这将在伦琴的个人生活和他发现 X 射线的一些具体实验细节的章节中得到说明。最后，简要概述了 X 射线的潜力和广泛的应用。
