Strunz F
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1987 Oct;55(10):306-21. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1001834.
Theories and evidence on the aetiology of the 3 distinct forms of nightmares (REM nightmares, NREM night terrors, posttraumatic nightmares) are exposed. Depth psychological theories try an aetiological integration of the nightmare into their respective theories of dream formation, whereas empirical work stresses the personality-typical traits of nightmare sufferers. Clinical casework reports relate anxiety dreams to existing psychological and somatic pathology. Posttraumatic nightmares are repetitive mental reactions to heavy traumatic or life-threatening events. Nightmare therapy, insofar as it has become an independent variety of psychological intervention, uses drug medication, which is able to suppress the symptom of the sufferer when on the drug, whereas behavioural and insight treatment not only eliminate the dreams, but can have an enduring healing effect.
文中阐述了三种不同类型噩梦（快速眼动期噩梦、非快速眼动期夜惊、创伤后噩梦）的病因相关理论和证据。深度心理学理论试图将噩梦的病因整合到各自的梦形成理论中，而实证研究则强调噩梦患者的典型人格特质。临床个案报告将焦虑梦与现有的心理和躯体病理学联系起来。创伤后噩梦是对严重创伤或危及生命事件的重复性心理反应。噩梦治疗，因其已成为一种独立的心理干预形式，会使用药物治疗，药物在服用时能够抑制患者的症状，而行为治疗和洞察治疗不仅能消除梦境，还能产生持久的治愈效果。
