Pagel J F
Garden Island Medical Group, Eleele, Kauai, Hawaii.
Am Fam Physician. 1989 Mar;39(3):145-8.
Although sporadic nightmares may be normal responses to stress, chronic nightmares can be troublesome. Nightmare syndrome involves dreams during REM sleep and is associated with abnormal psychologic tests and psychiatric disorders. Night terrors are most common in childhood, occur during deep sleep and rarely reflect underlying pathology. Post-traumatic stress disorder produces recurrent and repetitive nightmares. The onset of nightmares in an adult is often associated with medication or illness.
尽管偶发性噩梦可能是对压力的正常反应，但慢性噩梦可能会造成困扰。噩梦综合征涉及快速眼动睡眠期的梦境，且与心理测试异常及精神障碍相关。夜惊在儿童中最为常见，发生于深度睡眠时，很少反映潜在病理状况。创伤后应激障碍会产生反复出现的噩梦。成年人出现噩梦往往与药物或疾病有关。
