Department of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University, 237 Krieger Hall, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Apr;28(2):610-623. doi: 10.3758/s13423-020-01828-2. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
Previous research has shown that the components of Chinese characters (e.g., semantic components, phonetic components, and radicals) serve as processing units in reading. One outstanding question concerns the existence of amodal orthographic representations that unify multiple, form-specific character components, similar to the abstract letter identities (ALIs) that unify case-specific letter forms (A/a) in Roman script. Although Chinese does not have case, a subset of semantic radicals have multiple forms (e.g., - are both "water" radicals), allowing for a test of the existence of Abstract Radical Identities (ARIs) that unify the multiple forms. In Experiment 1, a visual same-different judgement task was used to detect the presence of ARI representations. Evidence for ARIs was provided by the finding that radical pairs with different forms but the same radical identity were judged to be visually different more slowly than matched pairs of different forms with different radical identities. In Experiment 2, we evaluated ARI effects in real character reading. A lexical decision priming task compared prime-target character pairs containing radicals with the same identity but different forms (e.g., -) with matched prime-target character pairs with unrelated radicals (e.g., -). Inhibitory priming was observed only in the same-identity radical condition compared with the unrelated condition. These combined results provide, for the first time, evidence of format-free representations of orthographic units in Chinese characters-abstract radical identities (ARIs).
先前的研究表明，汉字的组成部分（如语义成分、语音成分和偏旁部首）在阅读中充当加工单元。一个突出的问题是是否存在统一多种特定字形字符成分的无模态正字法表示，类似于统一罗马字母特定大小写形式（A/a）的抽象字母身份（ALIs）。尽管中文没有大小写，但一部分语义偏旁部首有多种形式（例如，-和-都是“水”偏旁部首），这允许测试是否存在统一多种形式的抽象偏旁部首身份（ARIs）。在实验 1 中，使用视觉相同-不同判断任务来检测 ARI 表示的存在。ARI 的证据是通过发现具有不同形式但相同偏旁部首身份的偏旁部首对比具有不同形式和不同偏旁部首身份的匹配对被判断为视觉上不同的速度更慢而提供的。在实验 2 中，我们评估了真实字符阅读中的 ARI 效应。词汇判断启动任务比较了具有相同身份但不同形式的偏旁部首（例如，-）的启动-目标字符对与具有不相关偏旁部首（例如，-）的匹配启动-目标字符对。只有在相同身份偏旁部首条件下观察到抑制启动，而在不相关条件下没有观察到。这些综合结果首次提供了中文字符中无格式的正字法单元表示形式的证据——抽象偏旁部首身份（ARIs）。
